In the context of scaled up funding for climate change adaptation, it is more important than ever to ensure the effectiveness, equity and efficiency of adaptation interventions. Robust monitoring and evaluation (M&E) is an essential part of this, both to ensure that the prospective benefits of interventions are being realised and to help improve the design of future interventions. This paper is the first empirical assessment of M&E frameworks used by development co-operation agencies for projects and programmes with adaptation-specific or adaptation-related components. It has analysed 106 project documents across six bilateral development agencies. Based on this, it identifies the characteristics of M&E for adaptation and shares lessons learned on the choice and use of indicators for adaptation. This analysis has found that Result Based Management, the Logical Framework Approach and the accompanying logframe are the most common M&E approaches used for adaptation. In applying these approaches, the long-term perspective of most adaptation initiatives means that it is particularly important to clearly differentiate between outcomes, outputs and activities. In addition, M&E frameworks for adaptation should combine qualitative, quantitative and binary indicators. The baselines for these indicators should include the effects of future climate change, particularly for projects with long-term implications, such as investments in infrastructure. Significant challenges remain in relation to dealing with shifting baselines, attribution and time lags between interventions and outcomes. De plus en plus de fonds etant alloues a l’adaptation au changement climatique, il est plus que jamais capital de veiller a l’efficacite, a l’equite et a l’efficience des actions menees dans ce cadre. Un systeme de suivi et d’evaluation rigoureux s’impose, a la fois pour garantir que les avantages attendus de ces actions se concretiseront et pour mieux preparer les actions a mener dans l’avenir. Le present document est la premiere etude empirique des cadres de suivi et d’evaluation appliques par les agences de cooperation pour le developpement a des projets et des programmes portant integralement ou partiellement sur l’adaptation. Cent-six documents de projets de six agences bilaterales de developpement ont ete analyses. Cela a permis d’identifier les caracteristiques des systemes de suivi et d’evaluation appliques a l’adaptation et d’en tirer des enseignements concernant le choix des indicateurs et leur utilisation. D’apres cette analyse, les deux approches de suivi et d’evaluation les plus employees sont en l’occurrence la gestion axee sur les resultats et la methode du cadre logique et la matrice qui s’y rapporte. La plupart des initiatives d’adaptation s’inscrivant dans le long terme, il est particulierement important de bien differencier les resultats, les produits et les activites lorsque l’on applique ces approches. En outre, les systemes de suivi et d’evaluation appliques a l’adaptation doivent associer des indicateurs qualitatifs, quantitatifs et binaires. Pour ces indicateurs, les references doivent integrer les effets des changements climatiques futurs, notamment dans le cas des projets qui ont des implications a long terme (investissements dans les infrastructures, par exemple). La prise en charge des variations des references, de l’attribution des resultats et des decalages temporels entre actions et resultats pose encore des problemes importants.
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