Controlled three-party communication using GHZ-like state and imperfect Bell-state measurement

We present a controlled three-party communication protocol using Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger (GHZ)-like state and imperfect Bell-state measurement. Using the idea of controlled quantum teleportation, it can realize the secret information transmission between the legitimate participants under the control of the controller. It needs no unitary operation to recover the original state for the receiver, and it saves half of communication cost publicized by the sender. The order rearrangement of particles and data block transmission ensure the security of communication. With imperfect Bell-state measurement, it is tolerant of some noise effects and is feasible by using the present optical technique.

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