Investigations of the light-induced scattering varied with HfO2 codoping in LiNbO3:Fe crystals

Light-induced scattering in LiNbO3:Fe crystals codoped with different concentrations of HfO2 has been investigated. Unusual behaviors with varied HfO2 codoping are observed and explained. Li vacancies are suggested to be the main contributor to the dark conductivity of the crystal and subsequently to induce the threshold effect of the pump light intensity for the light-induced scattering. High photovoltaic field produced in the crystals is thought to be the cause of the serious light-induced scattering at high pump intensity. As a result, LiNbO3:Fe, Hf crystals exhibit an enhanced ability to suppress the light-induced scattering at moderate pump intensity.

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