Light out-coupling strategies in organic light emitting devices

In this paper we present various light outcoupling techniques that have been implemented to enhance the external efficiency of OLEDs. Various internal and external OLED device modification techniques have been reviewed and discussed. Some of the most efficient techniques, such as, substrate modification, use of micro-lens array, two-dimensional photonic crystal structure, nano-patterned and nanoporous films are reviewed, and discussed.

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