Displacement dependent pressure loads in nonlinear finite element analyses

Abstract Often pressure loading is falsely identified as a nonconservative load leading automatically to nonsymmetric load stiffness matrices. The present paper discusses in detail the conditions when a pressure load is conservative and when it is not. The essential part is a clear classification of the load definition. Here either body attached or space attached loads are considered. The load stiffness matrices are derived for a pressure loaded curved surface in space. Several numerical examples are given; among these are linear and nonlinear buckling analyses of beams, rings and shells.

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