[International Federation of Clinical Chemistry and section of clinical chemistry of the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry].

The increasing industrialization and motorization of the world is leading to a steep rise in the demand of petroleum products. The petroleum-based fuels are stored fossil fuels in the earth. There are limited reserves of these fossil fuels. It is feared that they are not going to last long. In this paper, the authors have made an attempt to introduce honge oil, which is blended with diesel in its production and properties (when used in I.C.engine). The performance characteristics compared with conventional (diesel) fuel and their environmental pollution characteristics are also discussed. A single cylinder of Kirloskar make, water-cooled engine, was used in experimental setup. ICSC 2011 La Grande Motte 44 Generalized excluded volume: its origin and effects NEZBEDA, Ivo (Inst. Chem. Process Fund., Acad. Sci.) Presenter : NEZBEDA, Ivo (Inst. Chem. Process Fund., Acad. Sci.) The idea of the existence of an excluded volume (i.e., an impenetrable volume of molecules) formed the basis of the intuitive van der Waals (vdW) equation. After putting this idea on a rigorous statistical mechanical footing, the excluded volume has been used to interpret, or even estimate semi-quantitatively, a number of properties of fluids. All these facts are a consequence of the predominant effect of short-range repulsive forces acting between the molecules. This concept of the ordinary excluded volume however fails for fluids in which, in addition to omnipresent repulsive interactions at short separations, also specific short-range attractive interactions play an important role as, e.g., for associating fluids. To model associating fluids at a very simple level, we introduced some time ago the so called primitive models which have formed later the basis of nowadays widespread SAFT method. The models mimic, by means of a square-well attraction and hard sphere repulsion, the interactions between the unlike and like interaction sites embodied to molecules, respectively, at short separations. When all attractive interactions are switched off one gets then the so called pseudo-hard body (PHB). These PHB's may be viewed as a counterpart of hard spheres and play the same role for understanding the behavior of associating fluids and developing theory thereof which hard spheres have played for simple fluids. After a brief introduction of PHB's and their peculiar properties, a number of examples is presented showing that such generalized excluded volumes are able to explain naturally, without any parameter fitting, anomalous properties of aqueous solutions. Electrophoretic mobility and speciation: experiments, interpretation and problems