Efficacy of Fungus Comb Extracts Isolated from Indo-Malayan Termite Mounds in Controlling Wood-Decaying Fungi

The authors have recently investigated the chemical components and bioactivity of fungus comb from Macrotermes gilvus Hagen mounds. The ethyl acetate, methanol, and water extracts of the fungus comb contained active compounds which are preventing the growth of Aspergillus foeti-dus, one of the most economically important wood-staining fungi in Indonesia. In this present study, the bioactivity of the fungus comb extracts was examined against the white-rot fungus Schizophyllum commune Fr. For the purpose of generating a realistic in-service type of environment, the extracts were evaluated according to modified EN-113 after impregnated into wood samples by the vacuum-pressure method, following in-vitro antimicrobial susceptibility test. The results showed that ethyl acetate extract at concentrations ranging from 2 to 6% and methanol extract at a concentration of 6% presented high bioactivity against S. commune. This result was established through optical microscopy images, which demonstrated the absence of fungal mycelia in the vessels of wood samples treated with EtOAc extract at concentrations of 2%, 4%, and 6%, as well as MeOH extract with a concentration of 6%. The toxic values of the ethyl acetate and methanol extracts were determined to be 6.17% and 7.72%, respectively. Based on UPLC-HRMS analysis, azelaic acid, and erucamide were discovered as the dominant components in ethyl acetate extracts, which are anticipated to be the most active compounds. It appears that ethyl acetate extract, as well as methanol extract, can be considered as novel preservative sources for controlling wood-decaying fungi.

[1]  R. Blanchette,et al.  Wood Decay Fungi Associated with Galleries of the Emerald Ash Borer , 2023, Forests.

[2]  D. Nandika,et al.  Antioxidant Activity of Fungus Comb Extracts Isolated from Indo-Malayan Termite Macrotermes gilvus Hagen (Isoptera: Termitidae) , 2022, Indonesian Journal of Chemistry.

[3]  A. Haryanto,et al.  Antimicrobial activities of fungus comb extracts isolated from Indomalayan termite (Macrotermes gilvus Hagen) mound , 2022, AMB Express.

[4]  D. Nandika,et al.  Chemical Components of Fungus Comb from Indo-Malayan Termite Macrotermes gilvus Hagen Mound and Its Bioactivity against Wood-Staining Fungi , 2021, Forests.

[5]  Yulan Wang,et al.  Understanding Choline Bioavailability and Utilization: First Step Toward Personalizing Choline Nutrition. , 2021, Journal of agricultural and food chemistry.

[6]  Yuyu Ji,et al.  Isolation and Identification of Antibacterial Bioactive Compounds From Bacillus megaterium L2 , 2021, Frontiers in Microbiology.

[7]  R. Konechna,et al.  Synthesis of indoline-thiazolidinone hybrids with antibacterial and antifungal activities , 2020 .

[8]  V. Dotulong,et al.  The rendement of boiled water extract of mature leaves of mangrove Sonneratia alba , 2020 .

[9]  F. Ali,et al.  The versatility of azelaic acid in dermatology , 2020, The Journal of dermatological treatment.

[10]  Y. Hadi,et al.  Color Change and Resistance to Subterranean Termite Attack of Mangium (Acacia mangium) and Sengon (Falcataria moluccana) Smoked Wood , 2020, Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology.

[11]  A. Kowalska,et al.  18β‐Glycyrrhetinic acid: its core biological properties and dermatological applications , 2019, International journal of cosmetic science.

[12]  D. Nandika,et al.  Bioactivities of catechin from gambir (Uncaria gambir Roxb.) against wood-decaying fungi , 2019, BioResources.

[13]  W. Jung,et al.  Antifungal Mechanism of Action of Lauryl Betaine Against Skin-Associated Fungus Malassezia restricta , 2019, Mycobiology.

[14]  M. F. Macedo,et al.  Fungal biodeterioration of stained-glass windows in monuments from Belém do Pará (Brazil) , 2019, International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation.

[15]  L. Garbe,et al.  Monomethyl Suberate Screening for Antifungal Activity, Molecular Docking and Drug-Like Properties. , 2018, Acta Chimica Slovenica.

[16]  S. Rulliaty,et al.  Service Life of Railway Wood Sleepers in Indonesia , 2018 .

[17]  D. Grimaldi,et al.  Treatise on the Isoptera of the World , 2013 .

[18]  Vincent Lombard,et al.  Genome sequence of the model mushroom Schizophyllum commune , 2010, Nature Biotechnology.

[19]  E. Klewicka Antifungal activity of lactic acid bacteria of genus Lactobacillus sp. In the presence of polyols , 2007 .

[20]  N. Maršić,et al.  In Vitro Activity and In Vivo Efficacy of Icofungipen (PLD-118), a Novel Oral Antifungal Agent, against the Pathogenic Yeast Candida albicans , 2006, Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy.

[21]  W. Soetaert,et al.  Potential of selected lactic acid bacteria to produce food compatible antifungal metabolites. , 2004, Microbiological research.

[22]  R. Weissmann,et al.  Microbially influenced corrosion of glass , 1997, Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology.

[23]  K. T. Holland,et al.  The in vitro antimicrobial effect of azelaic acid , 1986, The British journal of dermatology.

[24]  E. N. Herliyana,et al.  Schizophyllum commune Fr. As Indonesian National Standard Wood Resistance Test Fungi on Four Kinds of Community Wood : Sengon, Rubber, Tusam, and Mangium , 2012 .

[25]  S. Wuertz,et al.  In situ analysis of biofilms on historic window glass using confocal laser scanning microscopy , 2001 .