Thermodynamics of Size Effect on Phase Transition Temperatures of Dispersed Phases

An equation for a phase transition in a dispersed system has been proposed, and the applications of the equation in various kinds of phase transitions have been discussed. The determinate relation between the interfacial tension and the radius of a droplet has been derived by the monolayer model. Applying the fusion transition equation and the interfacial tension relation, the melting temperatures of Au and Sn nanoparticles have been calculated, and the predicted melting temperatures are in good agreement with the available experimental data. The research results show that the phase transition equations can be applied to predict the temperatures of phase transitions of dispersed systems and to explain the phenomenon of metastable states; that the size of a dispersed phase has a remarkable effect on the phase transition temperatures, and the phase transition temperatures decrease with the radius of the dispersed phase decreasing; and that the depression of the melting temperature for a nanowire is half of ...

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