Retinal microvascular abnormalities and their relationship with hypertension, cardiovascular disease, and mortality.

[1]  D. C. Wu,et al.  Retinal blood vessel width measured on color fundus photographs by image analysis. , 2009, Acta ophthalmologica Scandinavica. Supplement.

[2]  B. Schwartz,et al.  Increase of retinal vessel width in ocular hypertensives with timolol therapy. , 2009, Acta ophthalmologica Scandinavica. Supplement.

[3]  E. Aurell,et al.  Hypertensive eye ground changes. Prevalence, relation to blood pressure and prognostic importance. The study of men born in 1913. , 2009, Acta medica Scandinavica.

[4]  Nevenka Čop-Blažić.  Pušenje kao čimbenik rizika za moždani udar , 2002 .

[5]  Xiaohong W. Gao,et al.  Quantification and characterisation of arteries in retinal images , 2000, Comput. Methods Programs Biomed..

[6]  R. Klein,et al.  Are retinal arteriolar abnormalities related to atherosclerosis?: The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study. , 2000, Arteriosclerosis, thrombosis, and vascular biology.

[7]  R. Brandstetter,et al.  Risk for Obstructive Sleep Apnea , 2000, Annals of Internal Medicine.

[8]  B. Schwartz,et al.  Evaluation of the Circulation in the Retina, Peripapillary Choroid and Optic Disk in Normal-Tension Glaucoma , 2000, Ophthalmic Research.

[9]  S. MacMahon.  Blood pressure and the risk of cardiovascular disease. , 2000, The New England journal of medicine.

[10]  E. Feskens,et al.  The Relation between Blood Pressure and Mortality Due to Coronary Heart Disease among Men in Different Parts of the World , 2000 .

[11]  R. Klein,et al.  Methods for evaluation of retinal microvascular abnormalities associated with hypertension/sclerosis in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study. , 1999, Ophthalmology.

[12]  W. Landau,et al.  Is cholesterol a risk factor for stroke?: No. , 1999, Archives of neurology.

[13]  V. Hachinski.  Cholesterol as a Risk Factor for Stroke , 1999 .

[14]  R. Ross.  Atherosclerosis is an inflammatory disease , 1999 .

[15]  K. Harjai.  Potential New Cardiovascular Risk Factors: Left Ventricular Hypertrophy, Homocysteine, Lipoprotein(a), Triglycerides, Oxidative Stress, and Fibrinogen , 1999, Annals of Internal Medicine.

[16]  R. Klein,et al.  Retinal arteriolar diameters and elevated blood pressure: the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study. , 1999, American journal of epidemiology.

[17]  C. Sinthanayothin,et al.  Automated localisation of the optic disc, fovea, and retinal blood vessels from digital colour fundus images , 1999, The British journal of ophthalmology.

[18]  S. Oparil,et al.  Nontraditional cardiovascular risk factors. , 1999, The American journal of the medical sciences.

[19]  I. Kushner,et al.  Acute-phase proteins and other systemic responses to inflammation. , 1999, The New England journal of medicine.

[20]  S. Kritchevsky,et al.  Emerging noninvasive biochemical measures to predict cardiovascular risk. , 1999, Archives of internal medicine.

[21]  H. Schubert,et al.  Ocular manifestations of systemic hypertension. , 1998, Current opinion in ophthalmology.

[22]  J. Cazenave,et al.  Von Willebrand factor in diabetic angiopathy. , 1998, Diabetes & metabolism.

[23]  P. Mannucci,et al.  von Willebrand factor: a marker of endothelial damage? , 1998, Arteriosclerosis, thrombosis, and vascular biology.

[24]  K. Hasegawa,et al.  Relationship between left ventricular hypertrophy and renal and retinal damage in untreated patients with essential hypertension. , 1998, Internal medicine.

[25]  Yannis A. Tolias,et al.  A fuzzy vessel tracking algorithm for retinal images based on fuzzy clustering , 1998, IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging.

[26]  S. Kadayıfçılar,et al.  Effects of Hypertension on the Retinal Vein Width at the Retinal Arteriovenous Crossings , 1998, European journal of ophthalmology.

[27]  R. Ross,et al.  Atherosclerosis is an Inflammatory Disease , 1998 .

[28]  V. Biousse.  Carotid disease and the eye. , 1997, Current opinion in ophthalmology.

[29]  H. Bokura,et al.  Subcortical silent brain infarction as a risk factor for clinical stroke. , 1997, Stroke.

[30]  F. Kronenberg,et al.  Association of serum lipoprotein(a) levels and apolipoprotein(a) size polymorphism with target-organ damage in arterial hypertension. , 1997, JAMA.

[31]  J. González-Juanatey,et al.  [Relation between left ventricular hypertrophy and retinal vascular changes in mild hypertension]. , 1997, Medicina clinica.

[32]  R. Frye,et al.  A population-based model of risk factors for ischemic stroke , 1996, Neurology.

[33]  B. Bertram,et al.  Retinale Gefäße vor und nach Photokoagulation bei diabetischer Retinopathie - Durchmesserbestimmungen mittels digitalisierter Farbdiapositive , 1996 .

[34]  Stephen J. Aldington,et al.  The accurate assessment of changes in retinal vessel diameter using multiple frame electrocardiograph synchronised fundus photography. , 1996, Current eye research.

[35]  A. Hughes,et al.  Arteriolar length-diameter (L:D) ratio: a geometric parameter of the retinal vasculature diagnostic of hypertension. , 1996, Journal of human hypertension.

[36]  K. Yano,et al.  Age-related changes in stroke risk in men with hypertension and normal blood pressure. , 1996, Stroke.

[37]  F. Epstein.  Cardiovascular disease epidemiology: a journey from the past into the future. , 1996, Circulation.

[38]  D Kromhout,et al.  Twenty-five-year prediction of stroke deaths in the seven countries study: the role of blood pressure and its changes. , 1996, Stroke.

[39]  J M Gibson,et al.  Hypertensive retinopathy: a review of existing classification systems and a suggestion for a simplified grading system. , 1996, Journal of human hypertension.

[40]  D. Kromhout.  Cholesterol, diastolic blood pressure, and stroke: 13 000 strokes in 450 000 people in 45 prospective cohorts , 1995, The Lancet.

[41]  P J Derhaag,et al.  Quantitative analysis of retinal vascular changes in essential and renovascular hypertension , 1995, Journal of hypertension.

[42]  B. Schwartz,et al.  Optic nerve head circulation in untreated ocular hypertension. , 1995, The British journal of ophthalmology.

[43]  B. Wasan,et al.  Vascular network changes in the retina with age and hypertension , 1995, Journal of hypertension.

[44]  K Münch,et al.  [Adaptive algorithm for automatic measurement of retinal vascular diameter]. , 1995, Biomedizinische Technik. Biomedical engineering.

[45]  G. Donnan,et al.  Risk factors for lacunar infarction syndromes , 1995, Neurology.

[46]  T. Batchelder,et al.  The Wisconsin Epidemiologic Study of Diabetic Retinopathy. , 1995, Archives of ophthalmology.

[47]  E M Kohner,et al.  Role of Blood Flow and Impaired Autoregulation in the Pathogenesis of Diabetic Retinopathy , 1995, Diabetes.

[48]  N. Chaturvedi,et al.  Hypertensive retinopathy in Afro-Caribbeans and Europeans. Prevalence and risk factor relationships. , 1995, Hypertension.

[49]  Ronald Klein,et al.  The Wisconsin Epidemiologic Study of Diabetic Retinopathy-Reply , 1995 .

[50]  Y Suzuki,et al.  Direct measurement of retinal vessel diameter: comparison with microdensitometric methods based on fundus photographs. , 1995, Survey of ophthalmology.

[51]  A. Stanton,et al.  A method of quantifying retinal microvascular alterations associated with blood pressure and age , 1995, Journal of hypertension.

[52]  R. P. Stolk,et al.  Retinopathy, Glucose, and Insulin in an Elderly Population: The Rotterdam Study , 1995, Diabetes.

[53]  M. Schmidt,et al.  [Comparative study of the extension of coronary arteriosclerosis with risk factors and changes in the retinal artery]. , 1994, Arquivos brasileiros de cardiologia.

[54]  J. Gardin,et al.  Prevalence of subclinical atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease and association with risk factors in the Cardiovascular Health Study. , 1994, American journal of epidemiology.

[55]  J. Zazgornik,et al.  High prevalence of hypertensive retinopathy and coronary heart disease in hypertensive patients with persistent microalbuminuria under short intensive antihypertensive therapy. , 1994, Clinical nephrology.

[56]  T. Sano,et al.  [Relationship of fundus oculi changes to declines in mental and physical health conditions among elderly living in a rural community]. , 1994, [Nihon koshu eisei zasshi] Japanese journal of public health.

[57]  E M Kohner,et al.  Accurate vessel width measurement from fundus photographs: a new concept. , 1994, The British journal of ophthalmology.

[58]  A. Folsom,et al.  Associations of Factor VIII and von Willebrand Factor with Age, Race, Sex, and Risk Factors for Atherosclerosis , 1993, Thrombosis and Haemostasis.

[59]  Y. Yoshida,et al.  [Lipoprotein (a) and sclerotic changes in retinal arterioles]. , 1993, Nippon Ganka Gakkai zasshi.

[60]  Y. Hamada.  [Ophthalmological study of the M-strain stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats (2). Retinal arteriolar changes in fluorescein angiogram]. , 1993, Nippon Ganka Gakkai zasshi.

[61]  J. Ware,et al.  von Willebrand factor , 1993, FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology.

[62]  R. Zimlichman,,et al.  Resolution of Hypertensive Retinopathy Despite Persistent High Diastolic Pressure , 1993, Southern medical journal.

[63]  W. Vilser,et al.  [Measuring retinal vascular diameter using the scanning laser ophthalmoscope and computer. Initial results]. , 1992, Der Ophthalmologe : Zeitschrift der Deutschen Ophthalmologischen Gesellschaft.

[64]  E. Kohner,et al.  Retinal blood flow in diabetic retinopathy. , 1992, BMJ.

[65]  H. Iso,et al.  [A nested case-control study of risk factors for intracerebral hemorrhage and cerebral infarction classified by computed tomographic findings]. , 1992, [Nihon koshu eisei zasshi] Japanese journal of public health.

[66]  L. Hansson,et al.  Hypertensive retinal vascular changes: relationship to left ventricular hypertrophy and arteriolar changes before and after treatment. , 1992, Blood pressure.

[67]  J. Penn,et al.  Computerized digital image analysis of retinal vessel density: application to normoxic and hyperoxic rearing of the newborn rat. , 1992, Experimental eye research.

[68]  P. Palatini,et al.  [Role of ophthalmoscopy in arterial hypertension: a problem revisited]. , 1991, Cardiologia.

[69]  K. Dozono,et al.  An autopsy study of the incidence of lacunes in relation to age, hypertension, and arteriosclerosis. , 1991, Stroke.

[70]  S. Kadiri,et al.  The clinical presentation of malignant hypertension in Nigerians. , 1991, Journal of human hypertension.

[71]  R. Gillum.  Retinal arteriolar findings and coronary heart disease. , 1991, American heart journal.

[72]  E. Kohner,et al.  The Effect of ß Blockers on Retinal Blood Flow in Diabetic Patients , 1991, European journal of ophthalmology.

[73]  B. Younge.  Retinal and Choroidal Manifestations of Systemic Disease , 1991 .

[74]  R B D'Agostino,et al.  Probability of stroke: a risk profile from the Framingham Study. , 1991, Stroke.

[75]  B. Sharma,et al.  A correlative study of ophthalmoscopy and fluorescein angiography in systemic hypertension. , 1990, Indian journal of ophthalmology.

[76]  A Cymerman,et al.  An automated method of quantifying retinal vascular responses during exposure to novel environmental conditions. , 1990, Ophthalmology.

[77]  O. Brinchmann‐Hansen,et al.  The response of the light reflex of retinal vessels to reduced blood pressure in hypertensive patients , 1990, Acta ophthalmologica.

[78]  D. Reed,et al.  Is elevated serum cholesterol level a risk factor for coronary heart disease in the elderly? , 1990, JAMA.

[79]  J. Jonas,et al.  Parapapillary retinal vessel diameter in normal and glaucoma eyes. I. Morphometric data. , 1989, Investigative ophthalmology & visual science.

[80]  W. A. Littler,et al.  USEFULNESS OF OPHTHALMOSCOPY IN MILD TO MODERATE HYPERTENSION , 1989, The Lancet.

[81]  T G Ganiats,et al.  Paradoxical survival of elderly men with high blood pressure. , 1989, BMJ.

[82]  O. Brinchmann‐Hansen,et al.  Reliable measurements from fundus photographs in the presence of focusing errors. , 1989, Investigative ophthalmology & visual science.

[83]  A. Kitamura,et al.  Trends for coronary heart disease and stroke and their risk factors in Japan. , 1989, Circulation.

[84]  D L DeMets,et al.  The Wisconsin Epidemiologic Study of Diabetic Retinopathy. IX. Four-year incidence and progression of diabetic retinopathy when age at diagnosis is less than 30 years. , 1989, Archives of ophthalmology.

[85]  D. Hatchell,et al.  Measurement of retinal blood vessel width using computerized image analysis. , 1988, Investigative ophthalmology & visual science.

[86]  L. Lanigan,et al.  Retinal circulation responses to systemic autonomic nerve stimulation , 1988, Eye.

[87]  D. Hill,et al.  Postural changes in perfusion pressure and retinal arteriolar calibre. , 1988, The British journal of ophthalmology.

[88]  R B D'Agostino,et al.  Cigarette smoking as a risk factor for stroke. The Framingham Study. , 1988, JAMA.

[89]  D L DeMets,et al.  The Wisconsin Epidemiologic Study of Diabetic Retinopathy. VI. Retinal photocoagulation. , 1987, Ophthalmology.

[90]  L. Sandvik,et al.  The light reflex in retinal vessels and its relation to age and systemic blood pressure , 1987, Acta ophthalmologica.

[91]  G Parati,et al.  Relationship of 24-hour blood pressure mean and variability to severity of target-organ damage in hypertension. , 1987, Journal of hypertension.

[92]  R. Klein,et al.  An alternative method of grading diabetic retinopathy. , 1986, Ophthalmology.

[93]  L. Sandvik,et al.  The width of the light reflex on retinal arteries and veins , 1986, Acta ophthalmologica.

[94]  J. Vandenbroucke,et al.  Retinopathy as an independent indicator of all-causes mortality. , 1986, International journal of epidemiology.

[95]  G. Naumann,et al.  Pathology of the Eye , 1986, Springer New York.

[96]  J. Holmes,et al.  Risk factors of branch retinal vein occlusion. , 1985, Archives of ophthalmology.

[97]  M. Asada,et al.  Epidemiologic studies of stroke in Shibata, a Japanese provincial city: preliminary report on risk factors for cerebral infarction. , 1985, Stroke.

[98]  R. Klein,et al.  Diabetic retinopathy as detected using ophthalmoscopy, a nonmydriatic camera and a standard fundus camera. , 1985, Ophthalmology.

[99]  K. Bock.  Regression of retinal vascular changes by antihypertensive therapy. , 1984, Hypertension.

[100]  P. Nelsen,et al.  Timing of color fundus photographs and intravenous fluorescein angiography. , 1984, American journal of ophthalmology.

[101]  D. DeMets,et al.  The Wisconsin epidemiologic study of diabetic retinopathy. II. Prevalence and risk of diabetic retinopathy when age at diagnosis is less than 30 years. , 1984, Archives of ophthalmology.

[102]  E. Barrett-Connor,et al.  Predictors of Stroke-Associated Mortality in the Elderly , 1984, Stroke.

[103]  J. Walsh,et al.  Hypertensive retinopathy. Description, classification, and prognosis. , 1982, Ophthalmology.

[104]  M. Tso,et al.  Pathophysiology of hypertensive retinopathy. , 1982, Ophthalmology.

[105]  C. Date,et al.  Risk factors for cerebral hemorrhage and cerebral infarction in a Japanese rural community. , 1982, Stroke.

[106]  G. Ladipo.  Hypertensive retinopathy in Nigerians. A prospective clinical study of 350 cases. , 1981, Tropical and geographical medicine.

[107]  T. Sandor,et al.  Reproducibility of the densitometric analysis of fluorescein angiograms. , 1981, International journal of bio-medical computing.

[108]  R. Peto,et al.  PENTOXIFYLLINE FOR TRANSIENT ISCHAEMIC ATTACKS , 1981, The Lancet.

[109]  I. Constable,et al.  Image splitting--a technique for measuring retinal vascular reactivity. , 1981, The British journal of ophthalmology.

[110]  T. Dawber.  The Framingham Study: The Epidemiology of Atherosclerotic Disease , 1980 .

[111]  T. Dawber,et al.  The Framingham Eye Study monograph: An ophthalmological and epidemiological study of cataract, glaucoma, diabetic retinopathy, macular degeneration, and visual acuity in a general population of 2631 adults, 1973-1975. , 1980, Survey of ophthalmology.

[112]  Meltzer Ji.  Hypertensive retinopathy in renovascular hypertension. , 1980 .

[113]  J. Oates,et al.  Prevalence of renovascular hypertension in patients with grade III or IV hypertensive retinopathy. , 1979, The New England journal of medicine.

[114]  E. Michelson,et al.  Retinal arteriolar changes as an indicator of coronary artery disease. , 1979, Archives of internal medicine.

[115]  A. Garner,et al.  Pathogenesis of Hypertensive Retinopathy: A Review 1 , 1979, Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine.

[116]  J. Cunha-Vaz,et al.  Studies on retinal blood flow. I. Estimation of human retinal blood flow by slit-lamp fluorophotometry. , 1978, Archives of ophthalmology.

[117]  N. Hayakawa,et al.  Epidemiological evaluation of funduscopic findings in cerebrovascular diseases. III. Observer variability and reproducibility for funduscopic findings. , 1977, Japanese circulation journal.

[118]  N. Hayakawa,et al.  A Prospective Study of Cerebrovascular Disease in Japanese Rural Communities, Akabane and Asahi: Part 1 Evaluation of Risk Factors in the Occurrence of Cerebral Hemorrhage and Thrombosis , 1976, Stroke.

[119]  Ikuogoto,et al.  Pathological Studies on the Intracerebral and Retinal Arteries in Cerebrovascular and Noncerebrovascular Diseases , 1975 .

[120]  N. Aoki.  Epidemiological evaluation of funduscopic findings in cerebrovascular diseases. I. Fundoscopic findings as risk factors for cerebrovascular diseases. , 1975, Japanese circulation journal.

[121]  N. Aoki.  Epidemiological evaluation of funduscopic findings in cerebrovascular diseases. II. A multivariate analysis of funduscopic findings. , 1975, Japanese circulation journal.

[122]  C. Bulpitt,et al.  Pathogenesis of hypertensive retinopathy. An experimental study in the monkey. , 1975, The British journal of ophthalmology.

[123]  M. Švojgrová,et al.  Quantitative assessment of retinal vessels in relation to blood pressure. , 1974, Human biology.

[124]  J. C. Parr,et al.  General caliber of the retinal arteries expressed as the equivalent width of the central retinal artery. , 1974, American journal of ophthalmology.

[125]  J. C. Parr,et al.  Mathematic relationships between the width of a retinal artery and the widths of its branches. , 1974, American journal of ophthalmology.

[126]  R. Ra.  Prediction of cardiovascular status from arteriovenous crossing phenomena. , 1974 .

[127]  S. Yamamoto,et al.  [A study on automatic and quantitative diagnosis of fundus photographs. II. Precise detection of contour line of retinal blood vessel images on color fundus photography (author's transl)]. , 1973, Nippon Ganka Gakkai zasshi.

[128]  K. D. Vaughan,et al.  Fundus camera holography of retinal microvasculature. , 1972, Archives of ophthalmology.

[129]  Colin T. Dollery,et al.  The Retinal Circulation , 1972 .

[130]  K. Nanba.  [Measurement of caliber of retinal blood vessels using fundus photograph. I. A method of measurement by Nikon profile projector, especially on magnification]. , 1971, Nippon Ganka Gakkai zasshi.

[131]  M. Mikuni.  [Measurement of ocular fundus, especially by means of fundus photograph]. , 1970, Nippon Ganka Gakkai zasshi.

[132]  C. Dollery,et al.  Prognosis of treated hypertension. Changes in life expectancy and causes of death between 1952 and 1967. , 1970, The Quarterly journal of medicine.

[133]  J. C. Parr,et al.  Comparison of methods of measuring vessel widths on retinal photographs and the effect of fluorescein injection on apparent retinal vessel calibers. , 1969, American journal of ophthalmology.

[134]  O. Akinkugbe.  The rarity of hypertensive retinopathy in the African. , 1968, The Central African journal of medicine.

[135]  R. Mulcahy,et al.  Retinal artery changes correlated with other hypertensive parameters in a coronary heart disease case-history study. , 1968, British heart journal.

[136]  C. Dollery,et al.  Hypertensive Retinopathy: Caliber Changes in Retinal Blood Vessels Following Blood‐Pressure Reduction and Inhalation of Oxygen , 1968, Circulation.

[137]  A. Burgess.  Objective measurements of the retinal vessels. , 1967, Annals of internal medicine.

[138]  K. Kawaguchi,et al.  [Hypertension and fundus change with special reference to narrowing of the retinal arteries]. , 1967, Ganka. Ophthalmology.

[139]  T Behrendt,et al.  Scanning densitometer for photographic fundus measurements. , 1966, American journal of ophthalmology.

[140]  T. Kearns,et al.  Prognostic importance of ophthalmoscopic findings in essential hypertension. , 1966, Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA).

[141]  N L Stokoe,et al.  Normal retinal vascular pattern. Arteriovenous ratio as a measure of arterial calibre. , 1966, The British journal of ophthalmology.

[142]  R. Gifford,et al.  Essential Hypertension: A Twenty‐Year Follow‐Up Study , 1966 .

[143]  E. Aurell,et al.  HYPERTENSIVE EYE‐GROUND CHANGES IN A SWEDISH POPULATION OF MIDDLE‐AGED MEN , 1965, Acta ophthalmologica.

[144]  F. vanBuchem,et al.  HYPERTENSION AND CHANGES OF THE FUNDUS OCULI , 1964 .

[145]  C. Hames,et al.  BLOOD PRESSURE AND HYPERTENSIVE DISEASE AMONG NEGROES AND WHITES; A STUDY IN EVANS COUNTY, GEORGIA. , 1964, Annals of internal medicine.

[146]  Kearns Tp,et al.  VENOUS-STASIS RETINOPATHY OF OCCLUSIVE DISEASE OF THE CAROTID ARTERY. , 1963 .

[147]  W. H. Phelan,et al.  A Longitudinal Study of Coronary Heart Disease , 1963, Circulation.

[148]  T. Behrendt.  A retinographic survey of fundus changes. The arteriovenous crossing phenomena. , 1960, American journal of ophthalmology.

[149]  R. W. Hollenhorst.  Ocular manifestations of insufficiency or thrombosis of the internal carotid artery. , 1959, Transactions of the American Ophthalmological Society.

[150]  K. Evelyn,et al.  A method of grading and recording; the retinal changes in essential hypertension. , 1958, American journal of ophthalmology.

[151]  S. Shelburne.  The retina in hypertensive disease. , 1957, Annals of internal medicine.

[152]  R LEISHMAN,et al.  THE EYE IN GENERAL VASCULAR DISEASE HYPERTENSION AND ARTERIOSCLEROSIS* , 1957 .

[153]  A. Wertheim,et al.  Management of the patient with primary (essential) hypertension. , 1955, Journal of chronic diseases.

[154]  D. Grob.  Management of the patient with primary "essential" hypertension. , 1955, Journal of chronic diseases.

[155]  H G SCHEIE,et al.  Evaluation of ophthalmoscopic changes of hypertension and arteriolar sclerosis. , 1953, A.M.A. archives of ophthalmology.

[156]  P. Bechgaard,et al.  The Ophthalmoscopical Appearance of the Fundus Oculi in Elderly Persons with Arterio-Sclerosis and Normal Blood Pressures * , 1950, The British journal of ophthalmology.

[157]  J. Groen,et al.  PROGNOSIS OF VASCULAR HYPERTENSION: A Nine Year Follow-Up Study of Four Hundred and Eighteen Cases , 1950 .

[158]  S. Shelburne.  Retinal arteriovenous nicking; a long term study of the development of arteriovenous nicking in hypertensive patients. , 1949, Archives of internal medicine.

[159]  R. Palmer,et al.  Prognosis in Essential Hypertension , 1948 .

[160]  S. Shelburne,et al.  RETINAL ARTERIOVENOUS NICKING: RELATION TO ENLARGEMENT OF THE HEART IN AMBULATORY PATIENTS WITH HYPERTENSION , 1942 .

[161]  N. M. Keith,et al.  DIFFUSE ARTERIOLAR DISEASE WITH HYPERTENSION AND THE ASSOCIATED RETINAL LESIONS , 1939 .

[162]  N. M. Keith,et al.  Some Different Types Of Essential Hypertension: Their Course And Prognosis , 1939, The American journal of the medical sciences.

[163]  N. M. Keith,et al.  Some different types of essential hypertension: their course and prognosis. , 1939 .

[164]  Martin H. Cohen.  LESIONS OF THE FUNDUS: IN ESSENTIAL HYPERTENSION AND IN ARTERIAL AND RENAL DISEASES , 1937 .

[165]  Edmind N. Coedry.  A SURVEY OF THE PROBLEM , 1934 .

[166]  W. G. Walker,et al.  ARTERIOSCLEROSIS AND HYPERTENSION , 1924 .

[167]  T. Sano,et al.  [Diabetic retinopathy]. , 2001, Nihon rinsho. Japanese journal of clinical medicine.

[168]  E. Feskens,et al.  The relation between blood pressure and mortality due to coronary heart disease among men in different parts of the world. Seven Countries Study Research Group. , 2000, The New England journal of medicine.

[169]  J. J. Wang,et al.  Retinopathy in older persons without diabetes and its relationship to hypertension. , 1998, Archives of ophthalmology.

[170]  A Hoover,et al.  Locating blood vessels in retinal images by piece-wise threshold probing of a matched filter response , 1998, AMIA.

[171]  I. Cree,et al.  Ophthalmic Pathology—An Atlas and Textbook , 1998 .

[172]  R. Klein,et al.  The relation of systemic hypertension to changes in the retinal vasculature: the Beaver Dam Eye Study. , 1997, Transactions of the American Ophthalmological Society.

[173]  N. Yoshiike,et al.  A 15.5-year follow-up study of stroke in a Japanese provincial city. The Shibata Study. , 1997, Stroke.

[174]  A. Elsner,et al.  [Retinal vessels before and after photocoagulation in diabetic retinopathy. Determining the diameter using digitized color fundus slides]. , 1996, Klinische Monatsblatter fur Augenheilkunde.

[175]  E. Friedman.  Subclinical disease as an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease. , 1996, Circulation.

[176]  B Schack,et al.  A new approach for detecting the position of retinal vessels and calculating their diameter on the basis of dynamic spectral analysis. , 1995, Medinfo. MEDINFO.

[177]  E M Kohner,et al.  The effect of experimental hypertension on retinal vascular autoregulation in humans: a mechanism for the progression of diabetic retinopathy , 1995, Experimental physiology.

[178]  M. Ravera,et al.  Prevalence of micro- and macroalbuminuria and their relationship with other cardiovascular risk factors in essential hypertension. , 1995, Nephrology, dialysis, transplantation : official publication of the European Dialysis and Transplant Association - European Renal Association.

[179]  R. Klein,et al.  Hypertension and retinopathy, arteriolar narrowing, and arteriovenous nicking in a population. , 1994, Archives of ophthalmology.

[180]  Y. Suzuki,et al.  [Retinal blood vessel measurement using a line sensor]. , 1994, Nippon Ganka Gakkai zasshi.

[181]  E. Kohner,et al.  Vessel diameter changes during the cardiac cycle , 1994, Eye.

[182]  A. Nissinen,et al.  Does the predictive value of baseline coronary risk factors change over a 30-year follow-up? , 1993, Cardiology.

[183]  A. Dyer,et al.  Relationship of baseline major risk factors to coronary and all-cause mortality, and to longevity: findings from long-term follow-up of Chicago cohorts. , 1993, Cardiology.

[184]  R. Klein,et al.  Blood pressure, hypertension and retinopathy in a population. , 1993, Transactions of the American Ophthalmological Society.

[185]  R. Klein,et al.  Retinopathy in a population-based study. , 1992, Transactions of the American Ophthalmological Society.

[186]  A. Jalkh,et al.  A simple device to standardize measurements of retinal structures in fundus photographs and retinal angiograms. , 1990, American journal of ophthalmology.

[187]  C. J. Taylor,et al.  Image analysis of fundus photographs. The detection and measurement of exudates associated with diabetic retinopathy. , 1989, Ophthalmology.

[188]  S. Hayreh.  Classification of hypertensive fundus changes and their order of appearance. , 1989, Ophthalmologica. Journal international d'ophtalmologie. International journal of ophthalmology. Zeitschrift fur Augenheilkunde.

[189]  S. Hayreh,et al.  Retinal arteriolar changes in malignant arterial hypertension. , 1989, Ophthalmologica. Journal international d'ophtalmologie. International journal of ophthalmology. Zeitschrift fur Augenheilkunde.

[190]  O. Brinchmann‐Hansen.  The light reflex on retinal arteries and veins. A theoretical study and a new technique for measuring width and intensity profiles across retinal vessels. , 1986, Acta ophthalmologica. Supplement.

[191]  R. Klein,et al.  Comparison between ophthalmoscopy and fundus photography in determining severity of diabetic retinopathy. , 1985, Ophthalmology.

[192]  B. Klein,et al.  Diabetic retinopathy. Assessment of severity and progression. , 1984, Ophthalmology.

[193]  A. Friedman.  The retinal lesions of the acquired immune deficiency syndrome. , 1984, Transactions of the American Ophthalmological Society.

[194]  Friedman Ah.  The retinal lesions of the acquired immune deficiency syndrome. , 1984 .

[195]  J. Meltzer.  Hypertensive retinopathy in renovascular hypertension. , 1980, The New England journal of medicine.

[196]  K. Majewska,et al.  Computer data processing in the examination of retinal vessels in essential hypertension and atherosclerosis. , 1976, Ophthalmologica. Journal international d'ophtalmologie. International journal of ophthalmology. Zeitschrift fur Augenheilkunde.

[197]  青木 伸雄.  Epidemiological evaluation of funduscopic findings in cerebrovascular diseases , 1975 .

[198]  J. C. Parr.  Hypertensive generalised narrowing of retinal arteries. , 1974, Transactions of the Ophthalmological Society of New Zealand.

[199]  J. Griffiths,et al.  Measurement of Apparent Vessel Width in Fluorescence Angiography of the Fundus oculi , 1974 .

[200]  R. Ralph.  Prediction of cardiovascular status from arteriovenous crossing phenomena. , 1974, Annals of ophthalmology.

[201]  Parr Jc,et al.  Hypertensive generalised narrowing of retinal arteries. , 1974 .

[202]  J. Griffiths,et al.  Retinal blood flow measured by fluorescence angiography. , 1973, Transactions of the ophthalmological societies of the United Kingdom.

[203]  N. Ashton.  The eye in malignant hypertension. , 1972, Transactions - American Academy of Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology. American Academy of Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology.

[204]  A. Breckenridge.  Prognosis of treated hypertension , 1971, British heart journal.

[205]  A. Garner,et al.  Experimental hypertensive retinopathy in the monkey. , 1969, Transactions of the ophthalmological societies of the United Kingdom.

[206]  G. Tibblin.  High blood pressure in men aged 50--a population study of men born in 1913. , 1967, Acta medica Scandinavica. Supplementum.

[207]  E. Aurell,et al.  Signs in the fundus oculi and arterial hypertension: unconventional assessment and significance. , 1967, Bulletin of the World Health Organization.

[208]  J. Dobree,et al.  A note on signs in the fundus oculi and arterial hypertension: conventional assessment and significance. , 1966, Bulletin of the World Health Organization.

[209]  C. Dollery,et al.  Retinal vascular alterations in hypertension , 1966 .

[210]  Wendland Jp.  Retinal arteriolosclerosis in age, essential hypertension, and diabetes mellitus. , 1966 .

[211]  N. Ashton,et al.  THE PATHOLOGY OF COTTON WOOL SPOTS AND CYTOID BODIES IN HYPERTENSIVE RETINOPATHY AND OTHER DISEASES. , 1963, Transactions of the ophthalmological societies of the United Kingdom.

[212]  R. W. Hollenhorst,et al.  VENOUS-STASIS RETINOPATHY OF OCCLUSIVE DISEASE OF THE CAROTID ARTERY. , 1963, Proceedings of the staff meetings. Mayo Clinic.

[213]  D. Cogan.  DEVELOPMENT AND SENESCENCE OF THE HUMAN RETINAL VASCULATURE. , 1963, Transactions of the ophthalmological societies of the United Kingdom.

[214]  R. Salus.  A contribution to the diagnosis of arteriosclerosis and hypertension. , 1958, American journal of ophthalmology.

[215]  S. Fo,et al.  Prognosis in untreated hypertensive vascular disease. , 1958 .

[216]  J. Friedenwald.  Ophthalmic pathology : an atlas and textbook , 1952 .

[217]  R. Palmer,et al.  Prognosis in essential hypertension; 8-year follow-up study of 430 patients on conventional medical treatment. , 1948, The New England journal of medicine.

[218]  H. P. Wagener,et al.  Classification of Retinal Lesions in the Presence of Vascular Hypertension: Report submitted to the American Ophthalmological Society by the committee on Classification of Hypertensive Disease of the Retina. , 1947, Transactions of the American Ophthalmological Society.

[219]  H. Root,et al.  ARTERIOSCLEROSIS AND HYPERTENSION IN DIABETES , 1936 .

[220]  E. V. Cowdry,et al.  Arteriosclerosis : a survey of the problem , 1933 .