Nafion/SiO2 hybrid membrane for vanadium redox flow battery

Abstract Sol–gel derived Nafion/SiO2 hybrid membrane is prepared and employed as the separator for vanadium redox flow battery (VRB) to evaluate the vanadium ions permeability and cell performance. Nafion/SiO2 hybrid membrane shows nearly the same ion exchange capacity (IEC) and proton conductivity as pristine Nafion 117 membrane. ICP-AES analysis reveals that Nafion/SiO2 hybrid membrane exhibits dramatically lower vanadium ions permeability compared with Nafion membrane. The VRB with Nafion/SiO2 hybrid membrane presents a higher coulombic and energy efficiencies over the entire range of current densities (10–80 mA cm−2), especially at relative lower current densities (

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