Vitamin D and the anti-viral state.

[1]  N. Binkley,et al.  Low vitamin D status: definition, prevalence, consequences, and correction. , 2012, Rheumatic diseases clinics of North America.

[2]  M. Pirisi,et al.  Vitamin D supplementation improves response to antiviral treatment for recurrent hepatitis C , 2011, Transplant international : official journal of the European Society for Organ Transplantation.

[3]  H. Bischoff-Ferrari,et al.  High prevalence of severe vitamin D deficiency in combined antiretroviral therapy-naive and successfully treated Swiss HIV patients , 2010, AIDS.

[4]  M. Urashima,et al.  Randomized trial of vitamin D supplementation to prevent seasonal influenza A in schoolchildren. , 2010, The American journal of clinical nutrition.

[5]  David S. Rubin,et al.  Highly prevalent vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency in an urban cohort of HIV-infected men under care. , 2010, AIDS patient care and STDs.

[6]  G. Marchesini,et al.  Low vitamin D serum level is related to severe fibrosis and low responsiveness to interferon‐based therapy in genotype 1 chronic hepatitis C , 2010, Hepatology.

[7]  J. Manson,et al.  Systematic Review: Vitamin D and Calcium Supplementation in Prevention of Cardiovascular Events , 2010, Annals of Internal Medicine.

[8]  R. Black,et al.  Vitamin D status and acute lower respiratory infection in early childhood in Sylhet, Bangladesh , 2010, Acta paediatrica.

[9]  S. Nielsen,et al.  Deficiency of 25-hydroxyvitamin D in male HIV-positive patients: A descriptive cross-sectional study , 2010, Scandinavian journal of infectious diseases.

[10]  R. Gallo,et al.  Vitamin D and innate immunity , 2010, Dermatologic therapy.

[11]  G. Hunninghake,et al.  Vitamin D Decreases Respiratory Syncytial Virus Induction of NF-κB–Linked Chemokines and Cytokines in Airway Epithelium While Maintaining the Antiviral State , 2009, The Journal of Immunology.

[12]  A. Rosenberg,et al.  Vitamin D deficiency in young children with severe acute lower respiratory infection , 2009, Pediatric pulmonology.

[13]  M. Yano,et al.  Oxidative stress induces anti‐hepatitis C virus status via the activation of extracellular signal‐regulated kinase , 2009, Hepatology.

[14]  D. Bikle.  Vitamin D and immune function: Understanding common pathways , 2009, Current osteoporosis reports.

[15]  S. Mohr,et al.  Vitamin D for cancer prevention: global perspective. , 2009, Annals of epidemiology.

[16]  G. Cheng,et al.  Convergence of IL-1β and VDR Activation Pathways in Human TLR2/1-Induced Antimicrobial Responses , 2009, PloS one.

[17]  A. Kaya,et al.  Association of subclinical vitamin D deficiency in newborns with acute lower respiratory infection and their mothers , 2009, European Journal of Clinical Nutrition.

[18]  A. Gombart,et al.  Vitamin D-Directed Rheostatic Regulation of Monocyte Antibacterial Responses1 , 2009, The Journal of Immunology.

[19]  B. Cunha,et al.  A randomized controlled trial of vitamin D3 supplementation for the prevention of symptomatic upper respiratory tract infections , 2009, Epidemiology and Infection.

[20]  C. Camargo,et al.  Association between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D level and upper respiratory tract infection in the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. , 2009, Archives of internal medicine.

[21]  S. Vohra,et al.  Vitamin D status is not associated with the risk of hospitalization for acute bronchiolitis in early childhood , 2009, European Journal of Clinical Nutrition.

[22]  G. Robbins,et al.  High frequency of vitamin D deficiency in ambulatory HIV-Positive patients. , 2009, AIDS research and human retroviruses.

[23]  Emilio Sánchez-Valdéz,et al.  Clinical response in patients with dengue fever to oral calcium plus vitamin D administration: study of 5 cases. , 2009, Proceedings of the Western Pharmacology Society.

[24]  F. Sweep,et al.  Vitamin D deficiency among HIV type 1-infected individuals in the Netherlands: effects of antiretroviral therapy. , 2008, AIDS research and human retroviruses.

[25]  G. Hunninghake,et al.  Respiratory Epithelial Cells Convert Inactive Vitamin D to Its Active Form: Potential Effects on Host Defense1 , 2008, The Journal of Immunology.

[26]  Y. Xiang,et al.  Role of Human β-Defensin-2 during Tumor Necrosis Factor-α/NF-κB-mediated Innate Antiviral Response against Human Respiratory Syncytial Virus* , 2008, Journal of Biological Chemistry.

[27]  John H. White.  Vitamin D Signaling, Infectious Diseases, and Regulation of Innate Immunity , 2008, Infection and Immunity.

[28]  M. Drezner,et al.  Correlation among 25-hydroxy-vitamin D assays. , 2008, The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism.

[29]  S. Vohra,et al.  Vitamin D receptor polymorphisms and the risk of acute lower respiratory tract infection in early childhood. , 2008, The Journal of infectious diseases.

[30]  E. Giovannucci,et al.  On the epidemiology of influenza , 2008, Virology Journal.

[31]  T. Holmøy.  Vitamin D status modulates the immune response to Epstein Barr virus: Synergistic effect of risk factors in multiple sclerosis. , 2008, Medical hypotheses.

[32]  R. Medzhitov.  Recognition of microorganisms and activation of the immune response , 2007, Nature.

[33]  J. Aloia,et al.  Re: epidemic influenza and vitamin D. , 2007, Epidemiology and infection.

[34]  Jelle J Goeman,et al.  Genetic susceptibility to respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis is predominantly associated with innate immune genes. , 2007, The Journal of infectious diseases.

[35]  A. Avenell,et al.  Vitamin D supplementation to prevent infections: a sub-study of a randomised placebo-controlled trial in older people (RECORD trial, ISRCTN 51647438). , 2007, Age and ageing.

[36]  A. Auvinen,et al.  An association of serum vitamin D concentrations < 40 nmol/L with acute respiratory tract infection in young Finnish men. , 2007, The American journal of clinical nutrition.

[37]  M. Holick.  Vitamin D deficiency. , 2007, The New England journal of medicine.

[38]  J. Söderlund,et al.  The antimicrobial peptide LL-37 inhibits HIV-1 replication. , 2007, Current HIV research.

[39]  R. Modlin,et al.  Therapeutic implications of the TLR and VDR partnership. , 2007, Trends in molecular medicine.

[40]  Junliang Pan,et al.  DCs metabolize sunlight-induced vitamin D3 to 'program' T cell attraction to the epidermal chemokine CCL27 , 2007, Nature Immunology.

[41]  Y. Helfrich,et al.  Injury enhances TLR2 function and antimicrobial peptide expression through a vitamin D-dependent mechanism. , 2007, The Journal of clinical investigation.

[42]  M. Gale,et al.  Principles of intracellular viral recognition. , 2007, Current opinion in immunology.

[43]  A. Shao,et al.  Risk assessment for vitamin D. , 2007, The American journal of clinical nutrition.

[44]  P. Lipsky,et al.  on Human B Cell Differentiation 3 DModulatory Effects of 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin , 2007 .

[45]  J. Adams,et al.  Vitamin D3–Triggered Antimicrobial Response—Another Pleiotropic Effect beyond Mineral and Bone Metabolism Toll-Like Receptor Triggering of a Vitamin D–Mediated Human Antimicrobial Response. Science 311: 1770–1773, 2006 , 2006 .

[46]  C. Mathieu,et al.  Immune Regulation of 25-Hydroxyvitamin D-1α-Hydroxylase in Human Monocytic THP1 Cells: Mechanisms of Interferon-γ-Mediated Induction , 2006 .

[47]  P. Höllsberg,et al.  Multiple sclerosis is linked to Epstein‐Barr virus infection , 2006, Reviews in medical virology.

[48]  W. Willett,et al.  Estimation of optimal serum concentrations of 25-hydroxyvitamin D for multiple health outcomes. , 2006, The American journal of clinical nutrition.

[49]  T. Hökfelt,et al.  The antimicrobial peptide cathelicidin protects the urinary tract against invasive bacterial infection , 2006, Nature Medicine.

[50]  E. Villamor.  A potential role for vitamin D on HIV infection? , 2006, Nutrition reviews.

[51]  S. Harris,et al.  Vitamin D and African Americans. , 2006, The Journal of nutrition.

[52]  Maureen L. Coleman,et al.  Genomic Islands and the Ecology and Evolution of Prochlorococcus , 2006, Science.

[53]  D. Lowy,et al.  Human α-defensins block papillomavirus infection , 2006, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[54]  M. Stefano,et al.  The pleiotropic actions of vitamin D , 2006 .

[55]  Rebecca M. Williams,et al.  Nuclear Import of the Retinoid X Receptor, the Vitamin D Receptor, and Their Mutual Heterodimer* , 2005, Journal of Biological Chemistry.

[56]  C. Mathieu,et al.  Immunoregulation by 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3: Basic concepts , 2005, The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology.

[57]  A. Waring,et al.  Carbohydrate-binding molecules inhibit viral fusion and entry by crosslinking membrane glycoproteins , 2005, Nature Immunology.

[58]  M. Zanetti.  The role of cathelicidins in the innate host defenses of mammals. , 2005, Current issues in molecular biology.

[59]  H. Koeffler,et al.  Human cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide (CAMP) gene is a direct target of the vitamin D receptor and is strongly up‐regulated in myeloid cells by 1,25‐dihydroxyvitamin D3 , 2005, FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology.

[60]  Ling C. Huang,et al.  Human Cathelicidin (LL-37), a Multifunctional Peptide, is Expressed by Ocular Surface Epithelia and has Potent Antibacterial and Antiviral Activity , 2005, Current eye research.

[61]  K. Überla,et al.  Inhibition of early steps in the lentiviral replication cycle by cathelicidin host defense peptides , 2005, Retrovirology.

[62]  M. Elliott,et al.  The role of vitamin D in the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis , 2004 .

[63]  Glenville Jones,et al.  Enzymes involved in the activation and inactivation of vitamin D. , 2004, Trends in biochemical sciences.

[64]  M. Holick.  Sunlight and vitamin D for bone health and prevention of autoimmune diseases, cancers, and cardiovascular disease. , 2004, The American journal of clinical nutrition.

[65]  John H. White,et al.  Cutting Edge: 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 Is a Direct Inducer of Antimicrobial Peptide Gene Expression1 , 2004, The Journal of Immunology.

[66]  S. Filteau,et al.  Association of subclinical vitamin D deficiency with severe acute lower respiratory infection in Indian children under 5 y , 2004, European Journal of Clinical Nutrition.

[67]  F. Chessa,et al.  Bone mass loss and vitamin D metabolism impairment in HIV patients receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy. , 2004, The quarterly journal of nuclear medicine and molecular imaging : official publication of the Italian Association of Nuclear Medicine (AIMN) [and] the International Association of Radiopharmacology (IAR), [and] Section of the Society of....

[68]  M. Holick,et al.  Vitamin D: importance in the prevention of cancers, type 1 diabetes, heart disease, and osteoporosis. , 2004, The American journal of clinical nutrition.

[69]  James F. Jones,et al.  Selective Killing of Vaccinia Virus by LL-37: Implications for Eczema Vaccinatum1 , 2004, The Journal of Immunology.

[70]  R. Bretzel,et al.  Osteopenia in HIV-infected women prior to highly active antiretroviral therapy. , 2003, The Journal of infection.

[71]  James M. Wilson,et al.  Cathelicidins - a family of multifunctional antimicrobial peptides , 2003, Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences CMLS.

[72]  H. McLeod,et al.  CYP3A4 and VDR gene polymorphisms and the risk of prostate cancer in men with benign prostate hyperplasia , 2003, British Journal of Cancer.

[73]  K. Yarasheski,et al.  HIV-protease inhibitors impair vitamin D bioactivation to 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D , 2003, AIDS.

[74]  M. Holick,et al.  Human serum 25-hydroxycholecalciferol response to extended oral dosing with cholecalciferol. , 2003, The American journal of clinical nutrition.

[75]  D. D. de Luis,et al.  [Relation among micronutrient intakes with CD4 count in HIV infected patients]. , 2002, Nutricion hospitalaria.

[76]  N. White,et al.  Susceptibility to dengue hemorrhagic fever in vietnam: evidence of an association with variation in the vitamin d receptor and Fc gamma receptor IIa genes. , 2002, The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene.

[77]  G. Hitman,et al.  Vitamin D receptor (VDR) mRNA and VDR protein levels in relation to vitamin D status, insulin secretory capacity, and VDR genotype in Bangladeshi Asians. , 2002, Diabetes.

[78]  C. Wolfson,et al.  Multiple sclerosis and Epstein-Barr virus. , 2002, The Canadian journal of infectious diseases = Journal canadien des maladies infectieuses.

[79]  R. Evans,et al.  Nuclear receptors and lipid physiology: opening the X-files. , 2001, Science.

[80]  Huub F. J. Savelkoul,et al.  1α,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 Has a Direct Effect on Naive CD4+ T Cells to Enhance the Development of Th2 Cells1 , 2001, The Journal of Immunology.

[81]  J. Calafat,et al.  Human cathelicidin, hCAP-18, is processed to the antimicrobial peptide LL-37 by extracellular cleavage with proteinase 3. , 2001, Blood.

[82]  B. Caballero,et al.  Bone mineral content in girls perinatally infected with HIV. , 2001, The American journal of clinical nutrition.

[83]  R. Vieth,et al.  Efficacy and safety of vitamin D3 intake exceeding the lowest observed adverse effect level. , 2001, The American journal of clinical nutrition.

[84]  H. Jörnvall,et al.  The human antimicrobial and chemotactic peptides LL-37 and alpha-defensins are expressed by specific lymphocyte and monocyte populations. , 2000, Blood.

[85]  C. Mathieu,et al.  Identification and immune regulation of 25‐hydroxyvitamin D‐1‐α‐hydroxylase in murine macrophages , 2000, Clinical and experimental immunology.

[86]  M. Nel,et al.  Nutritional status of HIV-1 seropositive patients in the Free State Province of South Africa: Anthropometric and dietary profile , 1999, European Journal of Clinical Nutrition.

[87]  H. Whittle,et al.  Tuberculosis and chronic hepatitis B virus infection in Africans and variation in the vitamin D receptor gene. , 1999, The Journal of infectious diseases.

[88]  D. Schlöndorff,et al.  Hypocalcaemia in HIV infection and AIDS , 1999, Journal of internal medicine.

[89]  S. Frøland,et al.  Severe deficiency of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 in human immunodeficiency virus infection: association with immunological hyperactivity and only minor changes in calcium homeostasis. , 1998, The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism.

[90]  R. Bals,et al.  The peptide antibiotic LL-37/hCAP-18 is expressed in epithelia of the human lung where it has broad antimicrobial activity at the airway surface. , 1998, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[91]  Looker Ac,et al.  Hypovitaminosis D in medical inpatients. , 1998 .

[92]  D. Hunter,et al.  Vitamin D receptor polymorphisms, circulating vitamin D metabolites, and risk of prostate cancer in United States physicians. , 1998, Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology.

[93]  Barrett T. Kitch,et al.  Hypovitaminosis D in medical inpatients. , 1998, The New England journal of medicine.

[94]  M. Holick,et al.  Redefining vitamin D insufficiency , 1998, The Lancet.

[95]  J. Park,et al.  Nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT) as a molecular target for 1alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3-mediated effects. , 1998, Journal of immunology.

[96]  R. Freaney,et al.  Secondary Hyperparathyroidism in the Elderly: Means to Defining Hypovitaminosis D , 1998, Osteoporosis International.

[97]  R. Heaney,et al.  Vitamin D and its Major Metabolites: Serum Levels after Graded Oral Dosing in Healthy Men , 1998, Osteoporosis International.

[98]  P. Galan,et al.  Prevalence of Vitamin D Insufficiency in an Adult Normal Population , 1997, Osteoporosis International.

[99]  H. Spiegelberg,et al.  Immunosuppressive actions of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3: preferential inhibition of Th1 functions. , 1995, The Journal of nutrition.

[100]  S. Frøland,et al.  Subnormal serum concentration of 1,25-vitamin D in human immunodeficiency virus infection: correlation with degree of immune deficiency and survival. , 1994, The Journal of infectious diseases.

[101]  Ganguly Nk,et al.  Sub-clinical rickets and recurrent infection. , 1994 .

[102]  J. Eisman,et al.  Prediction of bone density from vitamin D receptor alleles , 1994, Nature.

[103]  P. Rehman.  Sub-clinical rickets and recurrent infection. , 1994, Journal of tropical pediatrics.

[104]  H. Nelson,et al.  Micronutrient concentrations in the HIV wasting syndrome , 1993, AIDS.

[105]  G. Jones,et al.  Transfected human liver cytochrome P-450 hydroxylates vitamin D analogs at different side-chain positions. , 1993, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[106]  K. Nilsson,et al.  Functional antagonism between vitamin D3 and retinoic acid in the regulation of CD14 and CD23 expression during monocytic differentiation of U-937 cells. , 1993, Journal of immunology.

[107]  R I Lehrer,et al.  Direct inactivation of viruses by human granulocyte defensins , 1986, Journal of virology.

[108]  J. Compston,et al.  Reduced plasma half-life of radio-labelled 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 in subjects receiving a high-fibre diet , 1983, British Journal of Nutrition.

[109]  H. DeLuca,et al.  Characteristics of the rat liver microsomal enzyme system converting cholecalciferol into 25-hydroxycholecalciferol. Evidence for the participation of cytochrome p-450. , 1979, The Biochemical journal.

[110]  H. DeLuca,et al.  The regulation of rat liver calciferol-25-hydroxylase. , 1973, The Journal of biological chemistry.

[111]  M. Haussler,et al.  Vitamin D 3 -25-hydroxylase: tissue occurrence and apparent lack of regulation. , 1973, Archives of biochemistry and biophysics.