Liquefaction impacts in residential areas in the 2010-2011 Christchurch earthquakes

In 2010 and 2011, the city of Christchurch (New Zealand) was hit by a sequence of strong, local and devastating earthquakes. Widespread and very severe liquefaction affected many of the city suburbs and its central business district. This paper summarizes the characteristics of liquefaction and discusses its impacts on residential houses and buried pipe networks.