Primary central nervous system diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma has poorer immune cell infiltration and prognosis than its peripheral counterpart

Primary central nervous system (CNS) diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (PCNSL) is an ominous disease with a poor prognosis. The brain is an immune‐privileged sanctuary, and this may contribute to an ineffective host immune response and thus a poorer outcome. The aim of this study was therefore to study the difference in the immune composition in PCNSL and non‐CNS diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (DLBCL), and the role of the immune response in PCNSL prognosis.

[1]  C. Giannini,et al.  CNS lymphoma: a practical diagnostic approach. , 2014, Journal of neuropathology and experimental neurology.

[2]  J. Cerhan,et al.  The changing incidence of primary central nervous system lymphoma is driven primarily by the changing incidence in young and middle‐aged men and differs from time trends in systemic diffuse large B‐cell non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma , 2013, American journal of hematology.

[3]  L. Gordon,et al.  Disabling immune tolerance by programmed death-1 blockade with pidilizumab after autologous hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation for diffuse large B-cell lymphoma: results of an international phase II trial. , 2013, Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology.

[4]  K. Kakimi,et al.  [Dendritic cells for cancer immunotherapy]. , 2012, Nihon rinsho. Japanese journal of clinical medicine.

[5]  J. Barnholtz-Sloan,et al.  CBTRUS statistical report: primary brain and central nervous system tumors diagnosed in the United States in 2007-2011. , 2012, Neuro-oncology.

[6]  C. Colton Immune Heterogeneity in Neuroinflammation: Dendritic Cells in the Brain , 2012, Journal of Neuroimmune Pharmacology.

[7]  Kazuya Sato,et al.  Prognostic impact of extranodal involvement in diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma in the rituximab era , 2012, Cancer.

[8]  K. Bulloch,et al.  Brain dendritic cells: biology and pathology , 2012, Acta Neuropathologica.

[9]  T. Gajewski,et al.  Cancer immunotherapy , 2012, Molecular oncology.

[10]  T. Molina,et al.  Influence of Tumor Location on the Composition of Immune Infiltrate and Its Impact on Patient Survival. Lessons from DCBCL and Animal Models , 2012, Front. Immun..

[11]  George Coukos,et al.  Cancer immunotherapy comes of age , 2011, Nature.

[12]  K. Makino,et al.  M2 macrophage/microglial cells induce activation of Stat3 in primary central nervous system lymphoma. , 2011, Journal of clinical and experimental hematopathology : JCEH.

[13]  A. Ferreri How I treat primary CNS lymphoma. , 2011, Blood.

[14]  P. Wen,et al.  Survival among patients with primary central nervous system lymphoma, 1973–2004 , 2011, Journal of Neuro-Oncology.

[15]  Kai Fu,et al.  Immunohistochemical methods for predicting cell of origin and survival in patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma treated with rituximab. , 2011, Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology.

[16]  J. Delabie,et al.  T-cell/histiocyte-rich large B-cell lymphoma shows transcriptional features suggestive of a tolerogenic host immune response , 2010, Haematologica.

[17]  T. Habermann,et al.  Phase I Study of Ipilimumab, an Anti–CTLA-4 Monoclonal Antibody, in Patients with Relapsed and Refractory B-Cell Non–Hodgkin Lymphoma , 2009, Clinical Cancer Research.

[18]  Kai Fu,et al.  A New Immunostain Algorithm Classifies Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma into Molecular Subtypes with High Accuracy , 2009, Clinical Cancer Research.

[19]  A. Rosenwald,et al.  Gene expression predicts overall survival in paraffin-embedded tissues of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma treated with R-CHOP. , 2008, Blood.

[20]  P. Juszczyński,et al.  Host immune response in B-cell lymphomas: friend or foe? , 2008, Archivum Immunologiae et Therapiae Experimentalis.

[21]  Stefano A Pileri,et al.  Correlation of high numbers of intratumoral FOXP3+ regulatory T cells with improved survival in germinal center-like diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, follicular lymphoma and classical Hodgkin’s lymphoma , 2008, Haematologica.

[22]  N. Shinton WHO Classification of Tumors of Hematopoietic and Lymphoid Tissues , 2007 .

[23]  Guan-Cheng Huang,et al.  Distribution Patterns of Dendritic Cells and T Cells in Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphomas Correlate with Prognoses , 2007, Clinical Cancer Research.

[24]  J. Blay,et al.  Reactive perivascular T‐cell infiltrate predicts survival in primary central nervous system B‐cell lymphomas , 2007, British journal of haematology.

[25]  H. Nilsson‐Ehle,et al.  The number of tumour‐infiltrating TIA‐1+ cytotoxic T cells but not FOXP3+ regulatory T cells predicts outcome in diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma , 2007, British journal of haematology.

[26]  H. Hsu,et al.  Comparison of the expression and prognostic significance of differentiation markers between diffuse large B-cell lymphoma of central nervous system origin and peripheral nodal origin. , 2006, Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research.

[27]  E. Schuuring,et al.  High numbers of tumour‐infiltrating activated cytotoxic T lymphocytes, and frequent loss of HLA class I and II expression, are features of aggressive B cell lymphomas of the brain and testis , 2005, The Journal of pathology.

[28]  P. Greenberg,et al.  Molecular modification of idiotypes from B-cell lymphomas for expression in mature dendritic cells as a strategy to induce tumor-reactive CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell responses. , 2005, Blood.

[29]  E. Giné,et al.  Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma: clinical and biological characterization and outcome according to the nodal or extranodal primary origin. , 2005, Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology.

[30]  T. Golub,et al.  Molecular profiling of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma identifies robust subtypes including one characterized by host inflammatory response. , 2004, Blood.

[31]  M. Little,et al.  Effect of tetravalent bispecific CD19×CD3 recombinant antibody construct and CD28 costimulation on lysis of malignant B cells from patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia by autologous T cells , 2004, International journal of cancer.

[32]  L. Staudt,et al.  Loss of MHC class II gene and protein expression in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma is related to decreased tumor immunosurveillance and poor patient survival regardless of other prognostic factors: a follow-up study from the Leukemia and Lymphoma Molecular Profiling Project. , 2004, Blood.

[33]  C. Meijer,et al.  Prognostic significance of activated cytotoxic T-lymphocytes in primary nodal diffuse large B-cell lymphomas , 2004, Leukemia.

[34]  T. Araki,et al.  Expression of S‐100 protein is related to neuronal damage in MPTP‐treated mice , 2003, Glia.

[35]  J. Blay,et al.  Prognostic scoring system for primary CNS lymphomas: the International Extranodal Lymphoma Study Group experience. , 2003, Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology.

[36]  V. Savchenko,et al.  Microglia, Astrocytes, and Macrophages React Differentially to Central and Peripheral Lesions in the Developing and Mature Rat Whisker-to-Barrel Pathway: A Study Using Immunohistochemistry for Lipocortin1, Phosphotyrosine, S100β, and Mannose Receptors , 2001, Experimental Neurology.

[37]  T. Habermann,et al.  Cd4+ T-cell immune response to large B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma predicts patient outcome. , 2001, Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology.

[38]  E. Jordanova,et al.  Extensive genetic alterations of the HLA region, including homozygous deletions of HLA class II genes in B-cell lymphomas arising in immune-privileged sites. , 2000, Blood.

[39]  J. Trapani,et al.  Perforin-Mediated Cytotoxicity Is Critical for Surveillance of Spontaneous Lymphoma , 2000, The Journal of experimental medicine.

[40]  Ash A. Alizadeh,et al.  Distinct types of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma identified by gene expression profiling , 2000, Nature.

[41]  I. Nikonenko,et al.  Microglia and astrocytes in the adult rat brain: comparative immunocytochemical analysis demonstrates the efficacy of lipocortin 1 immunoreactivity , 2000, Neuroscience.

[42]  P. Norman,et al.  Immunobiology: The immune system in health and disease , 1995 .

[43]  I. Penn,et al.  Central Nervous System Lymphomas In Organ Allograft Recipients , 1995, Transplantation.

[44]  Emili Montserrat,et al.  A predictive model for aggressive non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. , 1993, The New England journal of medicine.

[45]  V. Diehl,et al.  Lysis of malignant B cells from patients with B-chronic lymphocytic leukemia by autologous T cells activated with CD3 x CD19 bispecific antibodies in combination with bivalent CD28 antibodies. , 1993, Blood.

[46]  D. Czerwinski,et al.  Shared idiotypes expressed by human B-cell lymphomas. , 1989, The New England journal of medicine.

[47]  E. Gehan,et al.  A generalized two-sample Wilcoxon test for doubly censored data. , 1965, Biometrika.

[48]  E. Kaplan,et al.  Nonparametric Estimation from Incomplete Observations , 1958 .

[49]  J. Barnholtz-Sloan,et al.  CBTRUS statistical report: Primary brain and central nervous system tumors diagnosed in the United States in 2006-2010. , 2013, Neuro-oncology.

[50]  Y. Seol,et al.  Influence of low absolute lymphocyte count of patients with nongerminal center type diffuse large B-cell lymphoma with R-CHOP therapy. , 2010, Annals of oncology : official journal of the European Society for Medical Oncology.

[51]  K. Hoang-Xuan,et al.  A uniform activated B-cell-like immunophenotype might explain the poor prognosis of primary central nervous system lymphomas: analysis of 83 cases. , 2006, Blood.

[52]  L. Staudt,et al.  Confirmation of the molecular classification of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma by immunohistochemistry using a tissue microarray. , 2004, Blood.

[53]  C Caux,et al.  Immunobiology of dendritic cells. , 2000, Annual review of immunology.

[54]  D.,et al.  Regression Models and Life-Tables , 2022 .