Famotidine Disposition in Children and Adolescents with Chronic Renal Insufficiency

The pharmacokinetics of intravenous famotidine (0.5 mg/kg, maximum 20 mg) were evaluated in 18 pediatric patients (ages 1–18 years) with stable, chronic renal insufficiency. Subjects were stratified by calculated creatinine clearance (Clcr) into mild (Clcr ≥ 50 to < 90 mL/min/1.73 m2), moderate (Clcr ≥ 25 to < 50 mL/min/1.73 m2), and severe (Clcr ≤ 10 mL/min/1.73 m2) renal insufficiency groups. Significant differences between the mild, moderate, and severe groups were found for elimination rate (Kel), apparent elimination half‐life (t1/2), area under the curve (AUC), and total plasma clearance (Clp) (p < 0.01). Famotidine renal clearance (Clr) was found to be significantly different between the mild and severe groups (p < 0.05). A linear relationship was observed between Clcr and Clp (p < 0.0001; R2 = 0.70). No significant differences in nonrenal clearance (Clnr) were found between groups; however, Clnr as a percentage of Clp was significantly different in the severe group (92.9% ± 7.3% Clnr) compared to the combined mild and moderate groups (21.9% ± 45.6% Clnr) (p < 0.05). It was concluded that the pharmacokinetics of famotidine are significantly altered in children with chronic renal insufficiency; accordingly, dosing should be based on glomerular filtration rate (i.e., Clcr).