Limiting factors for the use of palm oil biodiesel in a diesel engine in the context of the ASTM standard

Abstract Biodiesel is a biodegradable fuel contains fatty acid methyl or ethyl esters which are typically produced by the transesterification reaction among the triglycerides in the vegetable oils or animal fats and an alcohol such as methanol or ethanol. There are many resources of biodiesel production. In present study it was selected the palm oil to produce the ethyl ester biodiesel and the limiting factors for the use of palm oil biodiesel in a diesel engine in the context of the ASTM standards were discussed. Based on results, the maximum engine power is obtained in maximum load of engine and indicates no sensible change in engine power for biodiesel blends. Increasing the engine load decreases the Brake Special Fuel Consumption (BSFC). The best BSFC accrues in the range of B10–B40. The engine efficiency is increased by increasing load. The best efficiency is observed in range of 50–100% of engine load and the best efficiency is in range of B10–B40. Generally, by considering three parameters of engine power, BSFC and engine efficiency the B10 fuel of palm biodiesel offers the best performance, therefore it can be the recommended fuel for this study.

[1]  Jesús Muñiz,et al.  Density Functional study on the transesterification of triacetin assisted by cooperative weak interactions via a gold heterogeneous catalyst: Insights into biodiesel production mechanisms , 2017, 1701.03179.

[2]  Zoran Ristovski,et al.  Particle emissions from biodiesels with different physical properties and chemical composition , 2014 .

[3]  Gholamhassan Najafi,et al.  Experimental investigation of performance and emission parameters of a small diesel engine using CNG and biodiesel , 2007 .

[4]  Ingrid Lozada,et al.  Environmental and economic feasibility of palm oil biodiesel in the Mexican transportation sector , 2010 .

[5]  Mahendra Varman,et al.  Tailoring fuel properties using jatropha, palm and coconut biodiesel to improve CI engine performance and emission characteristics , 2015 .

[6]  S. Jayaraj,et al.  Performance and emission evaluation of a diesel engine fueled with methyl esters of rubber seed oil , 2005 .

[7]  B. Ghobadian,et al.  EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION OF DIESEL ENGINE PERFORMANCE PARAMETERS AND POLLUTION USING BIODIESEL , 2007 .

[8]  P. Ni,et al.  Effects of cetane number improvers on the performance of diesel engine fuelled with methanol/biodiesel blend , 2014 .

[9]  S. Sablani,et al.  Two-step microalgal biodiesel production using acidic catalyst generated from pyrolysis-derived bio-char. , 2015 .

[10]  Takuya Ito,et al.  Biodiesel production from waste animal fats using pyrolysis method , 2012 .

[11]  Application of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy: A phase behavior study of babassu biodiesel-based microemulsions. , 2016, Spectrochimica acta. Part A, Molecular and biomolecular spectroscopy.

[12]  Nidal Abu-Hamdeh,et al.  A comparative study of almond and palm oils as two bio-diesel fuels for diesel engine in terms of emissions and performance , 2015 .

[13]  Luis Felipe Ramírez Verduzco.  Density and viscosity of biodiesel as a function of temperature: Empirical models , 2013 .

[14]  H. F. Castro,et al.  Immobilization of porcine pancreatic lipase on poly-hydroxybutyrate particles for the production of ethyl esters from macaw palm oils and pineapple flavor , 2014 .

[15]  Liu Yang,et al.  Process optimization, kinetic and thermodynamic studies on biodiesel production by supercritical methanol transesterification with CH3ONa catalyst , 2017 .

[16]  Zafer Utlu,et al.  The effect of biodiesel fuel obtained from waste frying oil on direct injection diesel engine performance and exhaust emissions , 2008 .

[17]  H. Sajjad,et al.  Fuel properties, engine performance and emission characteristic of common biodiesels as a renewable and sustainable source of fuel , 2013 .

[18]  Aw Drews,et al.  Standard Test Method for Density and Relative Density of Liquids by Digital Density Meter , 1998 .

[19]  H. Aydin,et al.  Performance and emission analysis of cottonseed oil methyl ester in a diesel engine. , 2010 .

[20]  Chakrit Tongurai,et al.  Production of ethyl ester from crude palm oil by two-step reaction with a microwave system , 2010 .

[21]  Steven Lim,et al.  Recent trends, opportunities and challenges of biodiesel in Malaysia: An overview , 2010 .

[22]  Gow-Bin Wang,et al.  Low acid value bio-gasoline and bio-diesel made from waste cooking oils using a fast pyrolysis process , 2017 .

[23]  A. Sanjid,et al.  Impact of palm, mustard, waste cooking oil and Calophyllum inophyllum biofuels on performance and emission of CI engine , 2013 .

[24]  K. Vijayaraghavan,et al.  Biodiesel Production from Freshwater Algae , 2009 .

[25]  Fengshou Gu,et al.  Prediction Models for Density and Viscosity of Biodiesel and their Effects on Fuel Supply System in CI Engines , 2010 .

[26]  Dhanapati Deka,et al.  Formulation of microemulsion based hybrid biofuel from waste cooking oil – A comparative study with biodiesel , 2016 .

[27]  Pedro J. García-Moreno,et al.  Biodiesel production from mixtures of waste fish oil, palm oil and waste frying oil: Optimization of fuel properties , 2015 .

[28]  Aninidita Karmakar,et al.  Properties of various plants and animals feedstocks for biodiesel production. , 2010, Bioresource technology.

[29]  B. Najafi,et al.  Prediction of Cetane Number of Biodiesel Fuel from Fatty Acid Ethyl Ester (FAEE) Composition , 2015 .

[30]  Mustafa Canakci,et al.  PERFORMANCE AND COMBUSTION CHARACTERISTICS OF A DI DIESEL ENGINE FUELED WITH WASTE PALM OIL AND CANOLA OIL METHYL ESTERS , 2009 .

[31]  N. Ellis,et al.  Production, analysis and combustion characterization of biomass fast pyrolysis oil – Biodiesel blends for use in diesel engines , 2017 .

[32]  S. Esterby.  American Society for Testing and Materials , 2006 .

[33]  Grzegorz Litak,et al.  Analysis of cycle-to-cycle pressure oscillations in a diesel engine , 2008 .

[34]  Obed M. Ali,et al.  Analysis of blended fuel properties and engine performance with palm biodiesel–diesel blended fuel , 2016 .

[35]  C. Tongurai,et al.  Production of ethyl ester from esterified crude palm oil by microwave with dry washing by bleaching earth , 2010 .

[36]  Marcelino Aurélio Vieira da Silva,et al.  Comparative study of NOx emissions of biodiesel-diesel blends from soybean, palm and waste frying oils using methyl and ethyl transesterification routes , 2017 .

[37]  M. Monteiro,et al.  Determination of Ca, Mg, and Zn in biodiesel microemulsions by FAAS using discrete nebulization , 2012 .

[38]  Yi-Hung Chen,et al.  Fuel properties of microalgae (Chlorella protothecoides) oil biodiesel and its blends with petroleum diesel , 2012 .

[39]  Production development of ethyl ester biodiesel from palm oil using a continuous deglycerolisation process , 2014 .

[40]  M. Gürü,et al.  Biodiesel production from waste chicken fat based sources and evaluation with Mg based additive in a diesel engine , 2010 .

[41]  A. Drews.  Standard Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparent and Opaque Liquids (the Calculation of Dynamic Viscosity) , 1998 .

[42]  Haji Hassan Masjuki,et al.  Wear prevention characteristics of a palm oil-based TMP (trimethylolpropane) ester as an engine lubricant , 2013 .

[43]  H. Zhen,et al.  Effect of cetane number improver on heat release rate and emissions of high speed diesel engine fueled with ethanol–diesel blend fuel , 2004 .

[44]  Haiying Tang,et al.  Fuel properties and precipitate formation at low temperature in soy-, cottonseed-, and poultry fat-based biodiesel blends , 2008 .

[45]  Song Xue,et al.  Continuous production of biodiesel from microalgae by extraction coupling with transesterification under supercritical conditions. , 2017, Bioresource technology.

[46]  M. Tabatabaei,et al.  Experimental investigation of low-level water in waste-oil produced biodiesel-diesel fuel blend , 2017 .

[47]  V. Perez,et al.  Biodiesel production from Mucor circinelloides using ethanol and heteropolyacid in one and two-step transesterification , 2017 .

[48]  Mohammad. Rasul,et al.  Analysis and comparison of performance and emissions of an internal combustion engine fuelled with petroleum diesel and different bio-diesels , 2011 .

[49]  David A. Sabatini,et al.  Biodiesel production via peanut oil extraction using diesel-based reverse-micellar microemulsions , 2010 .

[50]  A. S. Araujo,et al.  Kinetic study and thermoxidative degradation of palm oil and biodiesel , 2014 .

[51]  R. Rodrigues,et al.  Optimization of ethyl ester production from olive and palm oils using mixtures of immobilized lipases , 2015 .

[52]  L. Das,et al.  A comparative evaluation of compression ignition engine characteristics using methyl and ethyl esters of Karanja oil , 2009 .