Language Education: Grammar

Grammar teaching has a long and distinguished history, but in the English-speaking world it has recently fallen out of favor, though this trend has now been reversed in England. Grammar teaching always includes the word classes but can include the whole of language structure. It can apply to the teaching of writing and reading, L2 learning, liberal self-knowledge, or scientific method. When the target is writing, the aim can be either error-reduction or growth, and the method may be independent, reactive, or proactive (anticipating specific writing needs). Research evidence suggests that proactive teaching works.