Technologies to Enhance Quality and Access to Prosthetics & Orthotics: the importance of a multidisciplinary, user-centred approach

This paper presents the story behind developing the Cambodia-UK prosthetics and orthotics (P&O) project ‘LMIC Limbs’. We describe the methods employed in identifying and iterating the project scope, the principles underpinning our collaboration, and our reflections on the process. In the context of growing digital technology possibilities for P&O services (CAD/CAM, 3D scanning, and 3D printing or additive manufacturing), this set of principles addresses issues of: • ensuring the project is defined by a technology pull, instead of a technology push, • objectively mapping project stakeholders and the value proposition, and • consulting these stakeholders on the potential benefits and disadvantages of these technologies, and the barriers and facilitators associated with their implementation.These issues are addressed simultaneously through approaching the project development by co-design of research with equal status partnerships across nationalities and multidisciplinary team professions. As such, the project deliverables are designed according to the definition of Appropriate Technology in the context of UN Sustainable Development Goal 3: Good Health & Wellbeing.

[1]  Nachiappan Chockalingam,et al.  The application of generic CAD/CAM systems for the design and manufacture of foot orthoses , 2016 .

[2]  Chris Mason,et al.  Social innovation for the promotion of health equity. , 2015, Health promotion international.

[3]  Jennifer Chipps,et al.  Systematic review of health data quality management and best practices at community and district levels in LMIC , 2014 .

[4]  Peter R Worsley,et al.  Registering methodology for imaging and analysis of residual-limb shape after transtibial amputation. , 2016, Journal of rehabilitation research and development.

[5]  P. Chappell,et al.  A review of clinical upper limb assessments within the framework of the WHO ICF. , 2007, Musculoskeletal care.

[6]  Malcolm H. Granat,et al.  Visualization of Sedentary Behavior Using an Event-Based Approach , 2015 .

[7]  John C. Cagle,et al.  Monitoring Prosthesis User Activity and Doffing Using an Activity Monitor and Proximity Sensors , 2016 .

[8]  Solava Ibrahim,et al.  How to Build Collective Capabilities: The 3C-Model for Grassroots-Led Development , 2017 .

[9]  Barrett Hazeltine,et al.  Field guide to appropriate technology , 2003 .

[10]  J. Shaw,et al.  Global estimates of diabetes prevalence for 2013 and projections for 2035. , 2014, Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice.

[11]  Albert Manero,et al.  Implementation of 3D Printing Technology in the Field of Prosthetics: Past, Present, and Future , 2019, International journal of environmental research and public health.

[12]  Chad Saunders,et al.  Social enterprise as poverty reducing strategy for women , 2014 .

[13]  Solava Ibrahim,et al.  From Individual to Collective Capabilities: The Capability Approach as a Conceptual Framework for Self‐help , 2006 .

[14]  P. Larsen,et al.  Rehabilitation 2030: A Call for Action. , 2019, Rehabilitation nursing : the official journal of the Association of Rehabilitation Nurses.

[15]  Helen Scott,et al.  Lower Limb Prosthetic Outcome Measures: A Review of the Literature 1995 to 2005 , 2006 .

[16]  Joshua M. Pearce The case for open source appropriate technology , 2012, Environment, Development and Sustainability.

[17]  Stefania Fatone,et al.  Outcome instruments for prosthetics: clinical applications. , 2014, Physical medicine and rehabilitation clinics of North America.

[18]  M. Sarıyıldız,et al.  Sockets Manufactured by CAD/CAM Method Have Positive Effects on the Quality of Life of Patients With Transtibial Amputation , 2017, American journal of physical medicine & rehabilitation.

[19]  C. Murray,et al.  The experience of amputation and prosthesis use for adults: a metasynthesis , 2013, Disability and rehabilitation.

[20]  David Alan Boone,et al.  Use of a Step Activity Monitor in Determining Outcomes , 2006 .

[21]  Un Desa Transforming our world : The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development , 2016 .

[22]  Kathleen M. Snyder,et al.  Transferring technology to developing countries , 2004 .

[23]  Khanjan Mehta,et al.  Access to prosthetic devices in developing countries: Pathways and challenges , 2015, 2015 IEEE Global Humanitarian Technology Conference (GHTC).

[24]  Gerold Stucki,et al.  Rehabilitation: The health strategy of the 21st century. , 2018, Journal of rehabilitation medicine.