Thermoelectric Material Electroplating: a Historical Review

Electrodeposition has been used for decades to deposit various semiconductors on targeted surfaces. It is a powerful method for growing thin films and/or nanostructures with potential thermoelectric properties. It has a competitive edge over physical processes due to its cost-effective operation and facilities. This paper furnishes an overview of the evolution of research in the area of electrodeposition of thermoelectric compounds as a function of time and shape category (bulk, wire, and film). Selected results on V2VI3 compounds are organized in a synthetic presentation according to shape. Up-to-date literature coverage is provided, based on over 200 papers and proceedings. In this context, our research group is involved in complementary aspects concerning tailoring electrodeposited film morphology in order to enhance thermoelectric properties. Examples are given dealing with pulse electroplating and nanowires.

[1]  Takayuki Ogino,et al.  Electrodeposition of Bi‐Te Alloy Films , 1993 .

[2]  Kerstin Tittes,et al.  Electrochemical deposition of ternary and binary systems from an alkaline electrolyte—a demanding way for manufacturing p-doped bismuth and antimony tellurides for the use in thermoelectric elements , 2006 .

[3]  Junyou Yang,et al.  Electrochemical aspects of the formation of Bi2Te3 thin film via the route of ECALE , 2005 .

[4]  Feihui Li,et al.  Electrodeposition of BixSb2−xTey thermoelectric thin films from nitric acid and hydrochloric acid systems , 2009 .

[5]  C. Wan,et al.  Composition-dependent characterization and optimal control of electrodeposited Bi2Te3 films for thermoelectric application , 2007 .

[6]  A. Bund,et al.  Electrochemical deposition of Bi2Te3 for thermoelectric microdevices , 2003 .

[7]  Bo Zhou,et al.  Electrodeposition of Bi2Te3 and Bi2Te3 Derived Alloy Nanotube Arrays , 2008 .

[8]  Bongyoung Yoo,et al.  Recent progress in electrodeposition of thermoelectric thin films and nanostructures , 2008 .

[9]  M. Toprak,et al.  Seebeck coefficient of nanostructured phosphorus-alloyed bismuth telluride thick films , 2009 .

[10]  N. Stein,et al.  Optimization of chemical and electrochemical parameters for the preparation of n-type Bi2Te2.7Se0.3 thin films by electrodeposition , 2003 .

[11]  N. Stein,et al.  Pulsed electrodeposition of (Bi1-xSbx)2Te3 thermoelectric thin films , 2006 .

[12]  A. J. Panson Electrolytic Preparation of Tellurides , 1964 .

[13]  Junyou Yang,et al.  Electrochemical aspects and structure characterization of VA-VIA compound semiconductor Bi2Te3/Sb2Te3 superlattice thin films via electrochemical atomic layer epitaxy. , 2008, Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids.

[14]  C. H. Bhosale,et al.  Preparation and characterization of electrodeposited Bi2Se3 thin films , 1998 .

[15]  Investigation of electrodeposition of Bi2Te3 nanowires into nanoporous alumina templates with a rotating electrode. , 2006, The journal of physical chemistry. B.

[16]  S. Beeby,et al.  High density p-type Bi0.5Sb1.5Te3 nanowires by electrochemical templating through ion-track lithography. , 2009, Physical chemistry chemical physics : PCCP.

[17]  Q. Li,et al.  Bismuth telluride (Bi2Te3) nanowires: synthesis by cyclic electrodeposition/stripping, thinning by electrooxidation, and electrical power generation. , 2006, Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids.

[18]  Min-Young Min-Young,et al.  Annealing behavior of Bi2Te3 thermoelectric semiconductor electrodeposited for nanowire applications , 2007 .

[19]  U. Gösele,et al.  Tuning the crystallinity of thermoelectric Bi2Te3 nanowire arrays grown by pulsed electrodeposition , 2008, Nanotechnology.

[20]  Development of Thick-Film Thermoelectric Microcoolers Using Electrochemical Deposition , 1998 .

[21]  Ronald Gronsky,et al.  High‐Density 40 nm Diameter Sb‐Rich Bi2–xSbxTe3 Nanowire Arrays , 2003 .

[22]  Rolf Reineke-Koch,et al.  Electrodeposition of Antimony Telluride , 2002 .

[23]  Li Shi,et al.  Thermoelectric properties of individual electrodeposited bismuth telluride nanowires , 2005 .

[24]  Wei Wang,et al.  Manipulating Growth of Thermoelectric Bi2Te3/Sb Multilayered Nanowire Arrays , 2008 .

[25]  H. Terryn,et al.  Optical and thermoelectric characterizations of electroplated n-Bi2(Te0.9Se0.1)3 , 2007 .

[26]  Ronald Gronsky,et al.  Direct Electrodeposition of Highly Dense 50 nm Bi2Te3-ySey Nanowire Arrays , 2003 .

[27]  N. Myung,et al.  Electrochemically deposited thermoelectric n-type Bi2Te3 thin films , 2005 .

[28]  Christofer Hierold,et al.  Novel mixed method for the electrochemical deposition of thick layers of Bi2+xTe3−x with controlled stoichiometry , 2008 .

[29]  M. Toprak,et al.  Effects of Annealing and Doping on Nanostructured Bismuth Telluride Thick Films , 2008 .

[30]  N. Myung,et al.  Electro-transport studies of electrodeposited (Bi1−xSbx)2Te3 nanowires , 2007 .

[31]  Wei Wang,et al.  Electrochemically assembled p-type Bi2Te3 nanowire arrays , 2004 .

[32]  N. Stein,et al.  Characterisation of electroplated Bi2(Te1−xSex)3 alloys , 2007 .

[33]  C. Chien,et al.  Very large magnetoresistance in electrodeposited single-crystal Bi thin films (invited) , 2000 .

[34]  Li Shi,et al.  Thermoelectric and structural characterizations of individual electrodeposited bismuth telluride nanowires , 2009 .

[35]  M S Sander,et al.  Electrodeposition of ordered Bi2Te3 nanowire arrays. , 2001, Journal of the American Chemical Society.

[36]  R. Ichino,et al.  Electrodeposition and Thermoelectric Characterization of Bi2Te3 , 2006 .

[37]  Hui Wang,et al.  Effect of the substrate on the electrodeposition of Bi2Te3−ySey thin films , 2008 .

[38]  Yasuhiko Muramatsu,et al.  Electric and thermoelectric properties of electrodeposited bismuth telluride (Bi2Te3) films , 2004 .

[39]  Y. Miyazaki,et al.  Preparation of Bi2Te3 films by electrodeposition , 2001 .

[40]  G. Hodes,et al.  Formation and Characterization of Electroless-Deposited NiTe2 Back Contacts to CdTe /CdS Thin-Film Solar Cells , 2002 .