Dynamics and control of piezotube actuators for subnanometer precision applications

For the purpose of scanning probe microscope (SPM) design and control, the piezotube actuator dynamics were modeled as a simple forced bar/beam vibration with a mass attached at the end. Based on the model, a high speed and high precision displacement sensor (piezoelectric sensor) was proposed using an observer design. Experimental data are also shown to support the presented model.