In order to address the problems such as heavy weight, high cost and poor sensitivity related to the swing frame of the existing roller test system, a micro-roller dynamic balance test system based on Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems (MEMS) acceleration sensor is proposed. The MEMS accelerometer is symmetrically embedded acting as the support of the swing frame to measure the vibration acceleration. The circuit board with perforated processing is directly used as the support of the swing frame. Two wires are used to connect the sensor and the data acquisition system to avoid the interference of cable elasticity on the vibration characteristics of the swing frame. The data obtained from this test system has been processed. The influence of various interference signals in the system on the vibration measurement is identified. Vibration signals generated by imbalances are extracted from complex measurement signals. The test data show that the optimized swing frame design has smaller weight, lower cost, higher sensitivity, simpler operation and much broad application range.