Research advances of photonic crystal gas and liquid sensors

Abstract The discovery of photonic crystal (PhC) has realized human's dreams of manipulating and controlling photons. More and more researchers show great interests in the properties and application technologies of PhC, and many novel optical sensors have been proposed based on the novel structure and unique optical properties of PhC. Not only does it provide a potential for high sensitivity and flexible sensor design, but also opens up a new way to design micro sensors and integrated optical circuits. In this paper, research advances of PhC gas and liquid sensors are presented. Because of the diverse structure types of PhC, many unique and important properties such as photonic band gap, photonic localization, slow light based on PhC are discussed. According to these sensing properties, the theory, structural parameters of PhC and the performances of each kind of application in sensors are introduced in detail. Finally, the key problems of PhC in sensing technology are concluded and the future research directions are put forward.

[1]  Romuald Houdré,et al.  Temperature tuning of the optical properties of planar photonic crystal microcavities , 2004 .

[2]  Tzong-Jer Yang,et al.  Spontaneous emission of a three-level atom in a coherent photonic band gap reservoir , 2008, 2009 Conference on Lasers & Electro Optics & The Pacific Rim Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics.

[3]  Pedro S. Nunes,et al.  Refractive Index Sensor Based on a 1D Photonic Crystal in a Microfluidic Channel , 2010, Sensors.

[4]  M. Koshiba,et al.  Analysis of photonic crystal waveguide gratings with coupled-mode theory and a finite-element method. , 2006, Applied optics.

[5]  F. Karouta,et al.  Photonic crystal slot nanobeam slow light waveguides for refractive index sensing , 2010 .

[6]  S. Xiao,et al.  Effect of loss on slow-light enhanced absorption in liquid-infiltrated photonic crystals , 2008, 2008 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics and 2008 Conference on Quantum Electronics and Laser Science.

[7]  H. Míguez,et al.  Response of nanoparticle-based one-dimensional photonic crystals to ambient vapor pressure. , 2008, Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids.

[8]  S. Xiao,et al.  Liquid-infiltrated photonic crystals: enhanced light-matter interactions for lab-on-a-chip applications , 2007, 0707.1194.

[9]  Wang Ziyu,et al.  Subminiature gas sensor based on the Photonic crystals , 2008, 2008 2nd IEEE International Nanoelectronics Conference.

[10]  Stefan L. Schweizer,et al.  Miniature infrared gas sensors using photonic crystals , 2011 .

[11]  Steven G. Johnson,et al.  Photonic Crystals: Molding the Flow of Light , 1995 .

[12]  Reinald Hillebrand,et al.  Silicon-based photonic crystal slabs: two concepts , 2002 .

[13]  Trevor J. Hall,et al.  Wireless enabled multi gas sensor system based on photonic crystals , 2010, Photonics Europe.

[14]  John B. Pendry,et al.  Photonic Band Structures , 1994 .

[15]  Oskar Painter,et al.  Efficient input and output fiber coupling to a photonic crystal waveguide. , 2004, Optics letters.

[16]  Txema Lopetegi,et al.  Novel photonic bandgap microstrip structures using network topology , 2000 .

[17]  F. Baida,et al.  Pyroelectric control of the superprism effect in a lithium niobate photonic crystal in slow light configuration , 2011 .

[18]  E. Kriezis,et al.  FDTD analysis of photonic crystal defect layers filled with liquid crystals , 2005 .

[19]  Ho,et al.  Defect structures in a layer-by-layer photonic band-gap crystal. , 1995, Physical review. B, Condensed matter.

[20]  Pablo Sanchis,et al.  Mode matching technique for highly efficient coupling between dielectric waveguides and planar photonic crystal circuits. , 2002, Optics express.

[21]  Romuald Houdré,et al.  Refractive index sensing with an air-slot photonic crystal nanocavity. , 2010, Optics letters.

[22]  John D. Joannopoulos,et al.  Tapered couplers for efficient interfacing between dielectric and photonic crystal waveguides , 2001 .

[23]  Dennis W Prather,et al.  High-efficiency coupling structure for a single-line-defect photonic-crystal waveguide. , 2002, Optics letters.

[24]  S. Xiao,et al.  Slow-light enhancement of Beer-Lambert-Bouguer absorption , 2007, physics/0703059.

[25]  M. Calvo,et al.  Porous One-Dimensional Photonic Crystal Coatings for Gas Detection , 2010, IEEE Sensors Journal.

[26]  Soon-Hong Kwon,et al.  Photonic bandedge lasers in two-dimensional square-lattice photonic crystal slabs , 2003 .

[27]  A. Lambrecht,et al.  Slow-light enhanced light–matter interactions with applications to gas sensing , 2008, 0809.3855.

[28]  M. Kamp,et al.  Photonic crystal cavity based gas sensor , 2008 .

[29]  Fabrication of a three-dimensional terahertz photonic crystal using monosized spherical particles , 2004 .

[30]  Ravindra Kumar Sinha,et al.  Photonic crystal slab waveguide-based infiltrated liquid sensors: design and analysis , 2011 .

[31]  S. Ya. Kilin,et al.  Dynamic control of light localization in photonic crystals , 2007 .

[32]  S. Xiao,et al.  Slow-light enhanced absorption for bio-chemical sensing applications: potential of low-contrast lossy materials , 2008, 0802.0558.

[33]  John,et al.  Strong localization of photons in certain disordered dielectric superlattices. , 1987, Physical review letters.

[34]  Sanshui Xiao,et al.  Liquid-infiltrated photonic crystals for lab-on-a-chip applications , 2007, SPIE NanoScience + Engineering.

[35]  Feng Ding,et al.  Novel application of a perturbed photonic crystal: High-quality filter , 1997 .

[36]  Ray T. Chen,et al.  Photonic crystal slot waveguide absorption spectrometer for on-chip near-infrared spectroscopy of xylene in water , 2011 .

[37]  Lijun Wu,et al.  Planar photonic crystal polarization splitter. , 2004, Optics letters.

[38]  David S. Citrin,et al.  A fluid sensor based on a sub-terahertz photonic crystal waveguide , 2007, SPIE OPTO.

[39]  Kazuaki Sakoda,et al.  Optical Properties of Photonic Crystals , 2001 .

[40]  Stefan L. Schweizer,et al.  Miniature infrared gas sensors using photonic crystals , 2007, SPIE OPTO.

[41]  Y. Yanagida,et al.  Photonic crystal based optical chemical sensor for environmental monitoring , 2007, International Conference on Nanotechnology.

[42]  T. Baba,et al.  Wide Range Tuning of Slow Light Pulse in SOI Photonic Crystal Coupled Waveguide via Folded Chirping , 2010, IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics.

[43]  Delphine Marris-Morini,et al.  Ultracompact tapers for light coupling into two-dimensional slab photonic-crystal waveguides in the slow light regime , 2008 .

[44]  R. Sinha,et al.  Slow Light Propagation in Liquid-Crystal Infiltrated Silicon-On-Insulator Photonic Crystal Channel Waveguides , 2010, Journal of Lightwave Technology.

[45]  Hernán Míguez,et al.  Mesostructured thin films as responsive optical coatings of photonic crystals. , 2009, Small.

[46]  R. Vijaya,et al.  Photonic crystal sensors: An overview , 2010 .

[47]  Francesco Michelotti,et al.  Coupling of surface waves in highly defined one-dimensional porous silicon photonic crystals for gas sensing applications , 2007 .

[48]  Kim,et al.  Two-dimensional photonic band-Gap defect mode laser , 1999, Science.

[49]  Tsutomu Sawada,et al.  Photonic crystal sensing of components of a liquid mixture using an optical fiber spectrometer , 2007, SPIE Optics East.

[50]  A Adibi,et al.  Refractive index sensing using slow light in photonic crystal waveguides , 2010, CLEO/QELS: 2010 Laser Science to Photonic Applications.

[51]  Ángel Maquieira,et al.  Label-free antibody detection using band edge fringes in SOI planar photonic crystal waveguides in the slow-light regime. , 2010, Optics express.

[52]  E. Yablonovitch,et al.  Inhibited spontaneous emission in solid-state physics and electronics. , 1987, Physical review letters.

[53]  P. Sarro,et al.  Waveguide-based optofluidics , 2010 .

[54]  R. Baets,et al.  Fabrication of photonic crystals in silicon-on-insulator using 248-nm deep UV lithography , 2002 .

[55]  Guofan Jin,et al.  An ultracompact refractive index gas-sensor based on photonic crystal microcavity , 2007, SPIE/COS Photonics Asia.

[56]  Ian H. White,et al.  A simple device to allow enhanced bandwidths at 850 nm in multimode fibre links for gigabit LANs , 1999 .