Secret life of plants

Plants are able to perform photosynthesis and cannot escape from environmental stresses, so they therefore developed sophisticated, highly responsive and dynamic physiology. Others’ and our results indicate that plants solve their optimal light acclimation and immune defenses, photosynthesis and transpiration by a computational algorithm of the cellular automation. Our recent results however suggest that plants are capable of processing information encrypted in light intensity and in its energy. With the help of nonphotochemical quenching and photoelectrophysiological signaling (PEPS) plants are able to perform biological quantum computation and memorize light training in order to optimize their Darwinian fitness. Animals have their network of neuron synapses, electrophysiological circuits and memory, but plants have their network of chloroplasts connected by stromules, PEPS circuits transduced by bundle sheath cells and cellular light memory. It is suggested that plants could be intelligent organisms with much higher organism organization levels than it was thought before.

[1]  Graham R Fleming,et al.  Toward an understanding of the mechanism of nonphotochemical quenching in green plants. , 2004, Biochemistry.

[2]  M. Hanson,et al.  Dynamic morphology of plastids and stromules in angiosperm plants. , 2008, Plant, cell & environment.

[3]  Jevin D. West,et al.  Evidence for complex, collective dynamics and emergent, distributed computation in plants , 2004, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA.

[4]  P. Mullineaux,et al.  Signal transduction in response to excess light: getting out of the chloroplast. , 2002, Current opinion in plant biology.

[5]  A. Nilsson,et al.  Photosynthetic control of chloroplast gene expression , 1999, Nature.

[6]  J. Rochaix,et al.  State transitions and light adaptation require chloroplast thylakoid protein kinase STN7 , 2005, Nature.

[7]  P. Mullineaux,et al.  Chloroplast Signaling and LESION SIMULATING DISEASE1 Regulate Crosstalk between Light Acclimation and Immunity in Arabidopsis[W] , 2008, The Plant Cell Online.

[8]  J. Kruk,et al.  An HPLC-based method of estimation of the total redox state of plastoquinone in chloroplasts, the size of the photochemically active plastoquinone-pool and its redox state in thylakoids of Arabidopsis. , 2006, Biochimica et biophysica acta.

[9]  P. Mullineaux,et al.  LESION SIMULATING DISEASE 1 Is Required for Acclimation to Conditions That Promote Excess Excitation Energy12[w] , 2004, Plant Physiology.

[10]  G. Wingsle,et al.  Antagonistic Effects of Hydrogen Peroxide and Glutathione on Acclimation to Excess Excitation Energy in Arabidopsis , 2000, IUBMB life.

[11]  M. Hanson,et al.  Stromules and the dynamic nature of plastid morphology , 2004, Journal of microscopy.

[12]  G. Senn.  Die Gestalts- und Lageveränderung der Pflanzen-Chromatophoren , 1910, Nature.

[13]  N. Baker.  Chlorophyll fluorescence: a probe of photosynthesis in vivo. , 2008, Annual review of plant biology.

[14]  J. Kennis,et al.  Identification of a mechanism of photoprotective energy dissipation in higher plants , 2007, Nature.

[15]  E. Mellerowicz,et al.  Lysigenous Aerenchyma Formation in Arabidopsis Is Controlled by LESION SIMULATING DISEASE1[W][OA] , 2007, The Plant Cell Online.

[16]  H. Hirt,et al.  Reactive oxygen species: metabolism, oxidative stress, and signal transduction. , 2004, Annual review of plant biology.

[17]  K. Asada,et al.  THE WATER-WATER CYCLE IN CHLOROPLASTS: Scavenging of Active Oxygens and Dissipation of Excess Photons. , 1999, Annual review of plant physiology and plant molecular biology.

[18]  J. Ecker,et al.  GUN4, a Regulator of Chlorophyll Synthesis and Intracellular Signaling , 2003, Science.

[19]  C. Foyer,et al.  Leaves in the Dark See the Light , 1999, Science.

[20]  M. Hanson,et al.  Microfilaments and microtubules control the morphology and movement of non-green plastids and stromules in Nicotiana tabacum. , 2003, The Plant journal : for cell and molecular biology.

[21]  Anthony Trewavas,et al.  Aspects of plant intelligence. , 2003, Annals of botany.

[22]  J. Rochaix,et al.  ATAB2 is a novel factor in the signalling pathway of light‐controlled synthesis of photosystem proteins , 2006, The EMBO journal.

[23]  Stanisław Karpiński,et al.  Evidence for Light Wavelength-Specific Photoelectrophysiological Signaling and Memory of Excess Light Episodes in Arabidopsis[W][OA] , 2010, Plant Cell.

[24]  Bruno Robert,et al.  Molecular basis of photoprotection and control of photosynthetic light-harvesting , 2005, Nature.

[25]  C. Laloi,et al.  Cross-talk between singlet oxygen- and hydrogen peroxide-dependent signaling of stress responses in Arabidopsis thaliana , 2007, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.

[26]  W. Van Camp,et al.  Catalase is a sink for H2O2 and is indispensable for stress defence in C3 plants , 1997, The EMBO journal.

[27]  E. Rowland.  Theory of Games and Economic Behavior , 1946, Nature.

[28]  Matthew P. Johnson,et al.  The xanthophyll cycle pool size controls the kinetics of non‐photochemical quenching in Arabidopsis thaliana , 2008, FEBS letters.

[29]  K. Bräutigam,et al.  Potential regulation of gene expression in photosynthetic cells by redox and energy state: approaches towards better understanding. , 2009, Annals of botany.

[30]  R. Mittler.  Oxidative stress, antioxidants and stress tolerance. , 2002, Trends in plant science.

[31]  P. Mullineaux,et al.  Are diverse signalling pathways integrated in the regulation of arabidopsis antioxidant defence gene expression in response to excess excitation energy? , 2000, Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences.

[32]  K. Niyogi.  Safety valves for photosynthesis. , 2000, Current opinion in plant biology.

[33]  P. Mullineaux,et al.  Systemic signaling and acclimation in response to excess excitation energy in Arabidopsis. , 1999, Science.

[34]  D. Leister,et al.  Retrograde Plastid Redox Signals in the Expression of Nuclear Genes for Chloroplast Proteins of Arabidopsis thaliana* , 2005, Journal of Biological Chemistry.