Modeling the Scintillation Process

In this paper, we lay down the basic mathematical models that can be used to determine the statistical characteristics of the scintillation process. We focus here on the f 4 -Doppler spectrum model, but the methodology is general. We compare the real-time fading model with the two-state Gilbert-Elliot Markov model or hidden Markov chain, and with the Markov process model, with the purpose of nding the range of parameters where the simplied models approach the actual real-time process. We also explore the deviation from Markovian-ness of the process as function of the coherence time.

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