Effects of measurement distance and source activity on the precision of X-ray fluorescence measurements of lead in a bone phantom

[1]  S. J. Rothenberg,et al.  An agreed statement on calculating lead concentration and uncertainty in XRF in vivo bone lead analysis. , 2003, Applied radiation and isotopes : including data, instrumentation and methods for use in agriculture, industry and medicine.

[2]  J. Links,et al.  The Longitudinal Association of Lead with Blood Pressure , 2003, Epidemiology.

[3]  A. Todd,et al.  Measurements of lead in human tibiae. A comparison between K-shell x-ray fluorescence and electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry. , 2002, Physics in medicine and biology.

[4]  D. E. Fleming,et al.  Calibration and characterization of a digital X-ray fluorescence bone lead system. , 2001, Applied radiation and isotopes : including data, instrumentation and methods for use in agriculture, industry and medicine.

[5]  V. Slavkovich,et al.  Tibia lead levels and methodological uncertainty in 12-year-old children. , 2001, Environmental research.

[6]  A. Todd,et al.  Variability in XRF-measured tibia lead levels. , 2000, Physics in medicine and biology.

[7]  F. McNeill,et al.  Performance appraisals of digital spectroscopy systems for the measurement of bone lead. , 2000, Applied radiation and isotopes : including data, instrumentation and methods for use in agriculture, industry and medicine.

[8]  B. Gordon,et al.  Past adult lead exposure is associated with longitudinal decline in cognitive function , 2000, Neurology.

[9]  J. Hoppin,et al.  Measurement variability associated with KXRF bone lead measurement in young adults. , 2000, Environmental Health Perspectives.

[10]  R. Bornschein,et al.  A new anthropometric phantom for calibrating in vivo measurements of stable lead in the human leg using x-ray fluorescence. , 2000, Health physics.

[11]  F. McNeill,et al.  Factors affecting in vivo measurement precision and accuracy of 109Cd K x-ray fluorescence measurements. , 1999, Physics in medicine and biology.

[12]  D Simon,et al.  Neurobehavioral function and tibial and chelatable lead levels in 543 former organolead workers , 1999, Neurology.

[13]  M. M. Roy,et al.  Further experience with bone lead content measurements in residents of southern Ontario. , 1997, Applied radiation and isotopes : including data, instrumentation and methods for use in agriculture, industry and medicine.

[14]  J. Robin,et al.  Accumulated body burden and endogenous release of lead in employees of a lead smelter. , 1997, Environmental health perspectives.

[15]  A. Rotnitzky,et al.  The relationship of bone and blood lead to hypertension. The Normative Aging Study. , 1996, JAMA.

[16]  C. M. Smith,et al.  A polymorphism in the delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase gene may modify the pharmacokinetics and toxicity of lead. , 1995, Environmental health perspectives.

[17]  A. Todd,et al.  Improvements in the calibration of 109Cd K x-ray fluorescence systems for measuring bone lead in vivo. , 1994, Physics in medicine and biology.

[18]  C. Gordon,et al.  The reproducibility of 109Cd-based X-ray fluorescence measurements of bone lead. , 1994, Environmental health perspectives.

[19]  C E Becker,et al.  Factors influencing bone lead concentration in a suburban community assessed by noninvasive K x-ray fluorescence. , 1994, JAMA.

[20]  R Attewell,et al.  In vivo measurements of lead in bone in long-term exposed lead smelter workers. , 1993, Archives of environmental health.

[21]  A. Todd,et al.  In vivo X-ray fluorescence of lead in bone using K X-ray excitation with 109Cd sources: radiation dosimetry studies. , 1992, Environmental research.

[22]  D. Chettle,et al.  Lead in bone: sampling and quantitation using K X-rays excited by 109Cd. , 1991, Environmental health perspectives.

[23]  M. Rabinowitz,et al.  Toxicokinetics of bone lead. , 1991, Environmental health perspectives.

[24]  L J Somervaille,et al.  In vivo measurement of lead in bone using x-ray fluorescence. , 1985, Physics in medicine and biology.

[25]  G. Nordberg,et al.  Microprobe analysis of lead in human femur by proton induced X-ray emission (PIXE). , 1978, The Science of the total environment.

[26]  E. Pfitzer,et al.  Lead in human tissues. , 1975, Toxicology and applied pharmacology.

[27]  P. Barry A comparison of concentrations of lead in human tissues. , 1975, British journal of industrial medicine.

[28]  David R. Chettle,et al.  A study of MDL improvement for the in vivo measurement of lead in bone , 2004 .

[29]  F. McNeill,et al.  Longitudinal changes in bone lead concentration: implications for modelling of human bone lead metabolism. , 2001, Journal of environmental monitoring : JEM.

[30]  P. Parsons,et al.  Development of bone-lead reference materials for validating in vivo XRF measurements , 1994 .