Processing and transmission of timing signals in synchronous networks

In order to have accurate operation, synchronous telecommunication networks need a reliable time basis signal extracted from the line data stream in each node. When the nodes are synchronized, routing and detection can be performed, guaranteeing the correct sequence of information distribution among the several users of a transmission trunk. Consequently, an auxiliary network is created inside the main network, a sub-network, dedicated to the distribution of the clock signals. There are different solutions for the architecture of the time distribution sub-network and choosing one of them depends on cost, precision, reliability and operational security. In this work we analyze the possible time distribution networks and formulate problems related to precision and stability of the timing signals by using the qualitative theory of differential equations. Correspondences between constitutive parameters of the networks and the dynamics of the spatial phase and frequency errors are established.