Measuring E-Democracy Opportunities: A Global Perspective

In recent years, several case studies have emerged illustrating the impact of Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) and in particular the expansion of the Internet and mobile cell phones on socio-political activities. This paper investigates 146 economies and the relationship between the global expansion of ICTs and the current degree of democracy within each nation by constructing an index of e-democracy opportunities among them, for the period of 1995 to 2005. The key findings in this study are (a) a notable progress in e-democracy opportunity on the global stage; (b) the fact that in some countries there is a rapid ICT expansion and global success in e-democracy, and yet, there is a growing digital divide between the most and least developed e-democratic nations.

[1]  L. Main,et al.  The global information infrastructure: Empowerment or imperialism? , 2001 .

[2]  Ignace Snellen,et al.  ICTs, bureaucracies, and the future of democracy , 2001, CACM.

[3]  Karine Nahon,et al.  Cultured Technology: The Internet and Religious Fundamentalism , 2005, Inf. Soc..

[4]  Dana Ott,et al.  The electronic republic? The role of the Internet in promoting democracy in Africa , 2000 .

[5]  Briony J. Oates,et al.  The potential contribution of ICTs to the political process , 2003 .

[6]  Hans K. Klein,et al.  Tocqueville in Cyberspace: Using the Internet for Citizen Associations , 1999, Inf. Soc..

[7]  Sandra L. Suárez MOBILE DEMOCRACY: TEXT MESSAGES, VOTER TURNOUT AND THE 2004 SPANISH GENERAL ELECTION , 2006 .

[8]  Haiqing Yu The power of thumbs: The politics of SMS in urban China , 2004 .

[9]  Antje Gimmler Deliberative democracy, the public sphere and the internet , 2001 .

[10]  Ithiel de Sola Pool,et al.  Technologies of Freedom , 1983 .

[11]  Bernd Carsten Stahl,et al.  Privacy and security as ideology , 2007, IEEE Technology and Society Magazine.

[12]  Ted Becker Rating the impact of new technologies on democracy , 2001, CACM.

[13]  F. Shirazi The Contribution of ICT to Freedom and Democracy: An Empirical Analysis of Archival Data on the Middle East , 2008, Electron. J. Inf. Syst. Dev. Ctries..

[14]  Farid Shirazi,et al.  Social networks within filtered ICT networks: A case study of the growth of internet usage within Iran , 2008, HCC.

[15]  R. Delbridge Explaining Conflicted Collaboration: A Critical Realist Approach to Hegemony , 2007 .

[16]  A. Chadwick Bringing E-Democracy Back In , 2003 .

[17]  Peter Dahlgren The Internet, Public Spheres, and Political Communication: Dispersion and Deliberation , 2005 .

[18]  M. Osborn Fuelling the Flames: Rumour and Politics in Kibera , 2008 .

[19]  Allan J. Cigler,et al.  Interest Group Politics , 1994 .

[20]  Nicholas W. Jankowski,et al.  The promise and practice of public debate in cyberspace , 2000 .

[21]  Claire Mercer,et al.  Engineering civil society: ICT in Tanzania , 2004 .

[22]  J. V. Dijk,et al.  Digital Democracy: Issues of Theory and Practice , 2001 .

[23]  F. Williams Measuring the Information Society , 1988 .

[24]  P. Davies A strategic approach , 1991 .

[25]  Alireza Doostdar,et al.  “The Vulgar Spirit of Blogging”: On Language, Culture, and Power in Persian Weblogestan , 2004 .

[26]  Daniel W. Drezner,et al.  The power and politics of blogs , 2007 .

[27]  Henry Jenkins,et al.  Democracy and new media , 2004 .