Quality Control of Ginkgo Biloba Leaves by Real Time Release Testing in Combination with near Infrared Spectroscopy

Ginkgo leaves are widely utilised in Chinese herbal medicines and functional food additives. However, the quality of ginkgo leaves fluctuates obviously due to the variety of geographical environments and climate conditions. Real time release testing (RTRT) combined with near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy was used to improve the quality control of ginkgo leaves. The RTRT of ginkgo leaves was achieved by qualitative and quantitative analysis using NIR spectroscopy and acceptable releasing criteria. Partial least squares regression models were developed for quantitative analysis of flavonol glycoside (FG), moisture and extract contents in ginkgo leaves. The coefficients of determination for leave-one-out cross-validation in calibration were 0.93, 0.92 and 0.89 for FG, moisture and extract contents, respectively, and relative standard errors of prediction were 9.01%, 6.67% and 3.22%, respectively. A discriminant analysis model was developed for qualitative analysis of ginkgo leaves. The Mahalanobis distance values were used as the qualitative releasing criteria of RTRT based on the discriminant analysis. In addition, FG content ≥0.7%, moisture content ≤12% and extract content ≥25% were used as the quantitative releasing criteria of RTRT according to the Chinese Pharmacopoeia. The accuracy of RTRT for ginkgo leaves was 86.7% according to qualitative and quantitative analyses based on NIR spectra. The results obtained in this work demonstrated that RTRT combined with NIR spectroscopy is a powerful tool for the quality control of ginkgo leaves.

[1]  Haibin Qu,et al.  Classification and quantification analysis of Radix scutellariae from different origins with near infrared diffuse reflection spectroscopy , 2011 .

[2]  Lijuan Xie,et al.  Combination and comparison of chemometrics methods for identification of transgenic tomatoes using visible and near-infrared diffuse transmittance technique , 2007 .

[3]  Yiyu Cheng,et al.  Rapid determination of Paeoniae Radix using near infrared spectroscopy , 2008 .

[4]  P. Ahuja,et al.  Biology and chemistry of Ginkgo biloba. , 2008, Fitoterapia.

[5]  K. Nakanishi,et al.  Chemistry and biology of terpene trilactones from Ginkgo biloba. , 2004, Angewandte Chemie.

[6]  Roberto Beghi,et al.  Rapid evaluation of craft beer quality during fermentation process by vis/NIR spectroscopy , 2014 .

[7]  Notburga Gierlinger,et al.  Characteristics and Classification of Fourier-Transform near Infrared Spectra of the Heartwood of Different Larch Species (Larix sp.) , 2004 .

[8]  J. D. Tate,et al.  Comparison of partial least squares regression and multi-layer neural networks for quantification of nonlinear systems and application to gas phase Fourier transform infrared spectra , 2003 .

[9]  T. A. Beek.  Chemical analysis of Ginkgo biloba leaves and extracts. , 2002 .

[10]  Yi-zeng Liang,et al.  Chromatographic fingerprint analysis--a rational approach for quality assessment of traditional Chinese herbal medicine. , 2006, Journal of chromatography. A.

[11]  C Vervaet,et al.  In-line and real-time process monitoring of a freeze drying process using Raman and NIR spectroscopy as complementary process analytical technology (PAT) tools. , 2009, Journal of pharmaceutical sciences.

[12]  Yongjiang Wu,et al.  In-line monitoring of extraction process of scutellarein from Erigeron breviscapus (vant.) Hand-Mazz based on qualitative and quantitative uses of near-infrared spectroscopy. , 2011, Spectrochimica acta. Part A, Molecular and biomolecular spectroscopy.

[13]  Manel Alcalà,et al.  Real-time determination of critical quality attributes using near-infrared spectroscopy: a contribution for Process Analytical Technology (PAT). , 2012, Talanta.

[14]  Haibin Qu,et al.  Near infrared spectroscopy as a tool for the rapid analysis of the Honeysuckle extracts , 2012 .

[15]  Foo-Tim Chau,et al.  Rapid analysis of Radix puerariae by near-infrared spectroscopy. , 2009, Journal of chromatography. A.

[16]  Limin Fang,et al.  Application of near infrared spectroscopy for rapid analysis of intermediates of Tanreqing injection. , 2010, Journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis.

[17]  Xue-song Liu,et al.  NIR spectroscopy as a process analytical technology (PAT) tool for on-line and real-time monitoring of an extraction process , 2012 .

[18]  D. Massart,et al.  The Mahalanobis distance , 2000 .

[19]  Marcelo Blanco,et al.  An expeditious method for determining particle size distribution by near infrared spectroscopy: Comparison of PLS2 and ANN models , 2008 .

[20]  Yongjiang Wu,et al.  Near infrared spectroscopy in combination with chemometrics as a process analytical technology (PAT) tool for on-line quantitative monitoring of alcohol precipitation. , 2013, Journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis.

[21]  Haoshu Xiong,et al.  Monitoring batch-to-batch reproducibility of liquid-liquid extraction process using in-line near-infrared spectroscopy combined with multivariate analysis. , 2012, Journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis.

[22]  Gabriele Reich,et al.  Near-infrared spectroscopy and imaging: basic principles and pharmaceutical applications. , 2005, Advanced drug delivery reviews.

[23]  B. Kowalski,et al.  Partial least-squares regression: a tutorial , 1986 .

[24]  Jiewen Zhao,et al.  Determination of total flavonoids content in fresh Ginkgo biloba leaf with different colors using near infrared spectroscopy. , 2012, Spectrochimica acta. Part A, Molecular and biomolecular spectroscopy.

[25]  Yingqin Li,et al.  Qualitative categorization of supplement grade Ginkgo biloba leaf extracts for authenticity , 2011 .