BlockChain for IoT Security and Management: Current Prospects, Challenges and Future Directions

The paper presents an in detailed case study of integrating BlockChain (BC) in IoT ecosystems in order to achieve security and privacy. Since the use in cryptocurrency, BlockChain has gained tremendous attraction due to the versatile application prospects it raises. As internet of things (IoT) is emerging towards the smart city requirements, device or data security seems to be a major concern. Therefore, BlockChain based decentralized and distributed system can meet the privacy preserving management in IoT ecosystems. In this paper, we discuss the necessity of utilizing BlockChain for IoT security, privacy, management. We present a literature overview of current progresses and security enhancement in sensor networks using BlockChain; their scope, prospects and limitations as well. Finally, we suggest some future directions to indicate further areas of improvement.

[1]  Juri Mattila,et al.  Industrial Blockchain Platforms: An Exercise in Use Case Development in the Energy Industry , 2016 .

[2]  Douglas C. Schmidt,et al.  PlaTIBART: a platform for transactive IoT blockchain applications with repeatable testing , 2017, M4IoT '17.

[3]  Shanto Roy,et al.  Combined approach of tokenization and mining to secure and optimize big data in cloud storage , 2017, 2017 IEEE Region 10 Humanitarian Technology Conference (R10-HTC).

[4]  Joshua A. Kroll,et al.  The Economics of Bitcoin Mining, or Bitcoin in the Presence of Adversaries , 2013 .

[5]  Zhu Han,et al.  When Mobile Blockchain Meets Edge Computing: Challenges and Applications , 2017, ArXiv.

[6]  Juan Carlos De Martin,et al.  Blockchain for the Internet of Things: A systematic literature review , 2016, 2016 IEEE/ACS 13th International Conference of Computer Systems and Applications (AICCSA).

[7]  Matthias Mettler,et al.  Blockchain technology in healthcare: The revolution starts here , 2016, 2016 IEEE 18th International Conference on e-Health Networking, Applications and Services (Healthcom).

[8]  Salil S. Kanhere,et al.  Towards an Optimized BlockChain for IoT , 2017, 2017 IEEE/ACM Second International Conference on Internet-of-Things Design and Implementation (IoTDI).

[9]  Vitalik Buterin.  A NEXT GENERATION SMART CONTRACT & DECENTRALIZED APPLICATION PLATFORM , 2015 .

[10]  Abdur Rahman,et al.  Low cost RF based online patient monitoring using web and mobile applications , 2016, 2016 5th International Conference on Informatics, Electronics and Vision (ICIEV).

[11]  Sushmita Ruj,et al.  On blockchain-based authorization architecture for beyond-5G mobile services , 2017, 2017 12th International Conference for Internet Technology and Secured Transactions (ICITST).

[12]  Shanto Roy,et al.  A RESTful E-Governance Application Framework for People Identity Verification in Cloud , 2018, CLOUD.

[13]  Massimo Bartoletti,et al.  A Survey of Attacks on Ethereum Smart Contracts (SoK) , 2017, POST.

[14]  Arshdeep Bahga,et al.  Blockchain Platform for Industrial Internet of Things , 2016 .

[15]  Soohyung Kim,et al.  Managing IoT devices using blockchain platform , 2017, 2017 19th International Conference on Advanced Communication Technology (ICACT).

[16]  Arushi Arora,et al.  Block Chain Based Security Mechanism for Internet of Vehicles (IoV) , 2018 .

[17]  Chunyan Miao,et al.  Using blockchain to build trusted LoRaWAN sharing server , 2017 .

[18]  Cheng-Fu Chou,et al.  Blockchain: The Evolutionary Next Step for ICT E-Agriculture , 2017 .

[19]  Jinsong Bao,et al.  M2M Security Technology of CPS Based on Blockchains , 2017, Symmetry.

[20]  Anish Jindal,et al.  EnergyChain: Enabling Energy Trading for Smart Homes using Blockchains in Smart Grid Ecosystem , 2018, SmartCitiesSecurity@MobiHoc.

[21]  Young-Sik Jeong,et al.  DistBlockNet: A Distributed Blockchains-Based Secure SDN Architecture for IoT Networks , 2017, IEEE Communications Magazine.

[22]  Nir Kshetri,et al.  Can Blockchain Strengthen the Internet of Things? , 2017, IT Professional.

[23]  Feng Tian,et al.  A supply chain traceability system for food safety based on HACCP, blockchain & Internet of things , 2017, 2017 International Conference on Service Systems and Service Management.

[24]  Antônio Augusto Fröhlich,et al.  IoT Data Integrity Verification for Cyber-Physical Systems Using Blockchain , 2018, 2018 IEEE 21st International Symposium on Real-Time Distributed Computing (ISORC).

[25]  Jong Hyuk Park,et al.  Block-VN: A Distributed Blockchain Based Vehicular Network Architecture in Smart City , 2017, J. Inf. Process. Syst..

[26]  Danny Bradbury,et al.  The problem with Bitcoin , 2013 .

[27]  Pin Lv,et al.  BeeKeeper: A Blockchain-Based IoT System With Secure Storage and Homomorphic Computation , 2018, IEEE Access.

[28]  Praveen Gauravaram,et al.  LSB: A Lightweight Scalable BlockChain for IoT Security and Privacy , 2017, ArXiv.

[29]  Jean-Luc Baril,et al.  Blockchain based trust & authentication for decentralized sensor networks , 2017, ArXiv.

[30]  Salil S. Kanhere,et al.  BlockChain: A Distributed Solution to Automotive Security and Privacy , 2017, IEEE Communications Magazine.

[31]  Sriram Sankaran,et al.  Towards Realistic Energy Profiling of Blockchains for Securing Internet of Things , 2018, 2018 IEEE 38th International Conference on Distributed Computing Systems (ICDCS).

[32]  Tommaso Melodia,et al.  Securing the Internet of Things in the Age of Machine Learning and Software-Defined Networking , 2018, IEEE Internet of Things Journal.

[33]  Xiaohong Jiang,et al.  Smart Contract-Based Access Control for the Internet of Things , 2018, IEEE Internet of Things Journal.

[34]  Thomas Hardjono,et al.  Cloud-Based Commissioning of Constrained Devices using Permissioned Blockchains , 2016, IoTPTS@AsiaCCS.

[35]  Sarah Underwood,et al.  Blockchain beyond bitcoin , 2016, Commun. ACM.

[36]  Praveen Gauravaram,et al.  Blockchain for IoT security and privacy: The case study of a smart home , 2017, 2017 IEEE International Conference on Pervasive Computing and Communications Workshops (PerCom Workshops).

[37]  Arda Yurdakul,et al.  Integrating low-power IoT devices to a blockchain-based infrastructure: work-in-progress , 2017, EMSOFT '17.

[38]  Kim-Kwang Raymond Choo,et al.  A blockchain future for internet of things security: a position paper , 2017, Digit. Commun. Networks.

[39]  Satoshi Nakamoto.  Bitcoin : A Peer-to-Peer Electronic Cash System , 2009 .

[40]  Ahmed Serhrouchni,et al.  Bubbles of Trust: A decentralized blockchain-based authentication system for IoT , 2018, Comput. Secur..

[41]  Andrew Lippman,et al.  A Case Study for Blockchain in Healthcare : “ MedRec ” prototype for electronic health records and medical research data , 2016 .

[42]  Salim Hariri,et al.  Autonomic Identity Framework for the Internet of Things , 2017, 2017 International Conference on Cloud and Autonomic Computing (ICCAC).

[43]  Vladimiro Sassone,et al.  A Blockchain-based Infrastructure for Reliable and Cost-effective IoT-aided Smart Grids , 2018, IoT 2018.

[44]  Yonggang Wen,et al.  A Survey on Consensus Mechanisms and Mining Management in Blockchain Networks , 2018, ArXiv.

[45]  Michael Devetsikiotis,et al.  Blockchains and Smart Contracts for the Internet of Things , 2016, IEEE Access.

[46]  Alexandru Stanciu,et al.  Blockchain Based Distributed Control System for Edge Computing , 2017, 2017 21st International Conference on Control Systems and Computer Science (CSCS).

[47]  Dimitrios Tzovaras,et al.  Using Blockchains to Strengthen the Security of Internet of Things , 2018, Euro-CYBERSEC.

[48]  Martin White,et al.  Internet of Things, Blockchain and Shared Economy Applications , 2016, EUSPN/ICTH.

[49]  Paul Rad,et al.  Blockchain Design for Trusted Decentralized IoT Networks , 2018, 2018 13th Annual Conference on System of Systems Engineering (SoSE).

[50]  Wei Jiang,et al.  Healthcare Data Gateways: Found Healthcare Intelligence on Blockchain with Novel Privacy Risk Control , 2016, Journal of Medical Systems.

[51]  Simon Duquennoy,et al.  Towards Blockchain-based Auditable Storage and Sharing of IoT Data , 2017, CCSW.

[52]  Zhu Han,et al.  Performance Analysis and Application of Mobile Blockchain , 2017, 2018 International Conference on Computing, Networking and Communications (ICNC).

[53]  Ahmet M. Kondoz,et al.  Privacy-preserving blockchain based IoT ecosystem using attribute-based encryption , 2017, 2017 IEEE International Conference on Advanced Networks and Telecommunications Systems (ANTS).

[54]  Salil S. Kanhere,et al.  Blockchain in internet of things: Challenges and Solutions , 2016, ArXiv.

[55]  Antônio A. de A. Rocha,et al.  A Survey of How to Use Blockchain to Secure Internet of Things and the Stalker Attack , 2018, Secur. Commun. Networks.

[56]  Liming Zhu,et al.  Blockchain Based Data Integrity Service Framework for IoT Data , 2017, 2017 IEEE International Conference on Web Services (ICWS).

[57]  Tiago M. Fernández-Caramés,et al.  A Review on the Use of Blockchain for the Internet of Things , 2018, IEEE Access.

[58]  Yuan Yong,et al.  Towards blockchain-based intelligent transportation systems , 2016 .

[59]  Khaled Salah,et al.  IoT security: Review, blockchain solutions, and open challenges , 2017, Future Gener. Comput. Syst..

[60]  Vallipuram Muthukkumarasamy,et al.  Securing Smart Cities Using Blockchain Technology , 2016, 2016 IEEE 18th International Conference on High Performance Computing and Communications; IEEE 14th International Conference on Smart City; IEEE 2nd International Conference on Data Science and Systems (HPCC/SmartCity/DSS).