Histopathological Evaluation of Endometrial Tissue in Abnormal Uterine Bleeding: A Recent Study

Background: The abnormal uterine bleeding can be caused by a wide variety of disorders and it is one of the commonest complaints leading to endometrial sampling. It may represent a normal physiological state and observation alone may be warranted. Alternatively, the bleeding can be a sign of a serious underlying condition necessitating aggressive treatment. Aim: To evaluate the causes of abnormal uterine bleeding and to determine the various patterns of endometrial curettings in abnormal uterine bleeding in different age groups. Material and Methods: The study was conducted in the histopathology section of the Department of Pathology GMC Jammu. Study material included all endometrial curettings and endometrial biopsy specimen received in the histopathology section. Results: Age of patients ranged from 14 to 75 years. In this study maximum number of cases were in age group 31-40 years i.e.188 cases (40.43%).Various patterns on histopathology were secretory endometrium (170 cases) the commonest followed by proliferative endometrium (99 cases), endometrial hyperplasia (42cases), products of conception (27 cases). 6 cases of endometrial carcinoma and 4 cases of squamous cell carcinoma were reported. Conclusion: Histopathological examination of endometrial tissue in patients of abnormal uterine bleeding shows a wide spectrum of changes ranging from normal endometrium in various hormonal cycles to malignancy. So it is a major diagnostic tool in evaluation of abnormal uterine bleeding.