Light perception in guard cells

Abstract. Guard cells perceive light via two photoreceptor systems: a blue-light-dependent photosystem and the guard cell chloroplast. Chloroplasts stimulate stomatal opening by transducing photosynthetic active radiation into proton pumping at the guard cell plasma membrane. In addition, guard cell chloroplasts fix CO2 photosynthetically. Sugar from guard cell photosynthesis can contribute to the osmotic build-up required for opening. The blue-light-dependent photosystem activates proton pumping at the guard cell plasma membrane and stimulates starch hydrolysis. Available information on the photobiological properties of guard cells makes it possible to describe stomatal function in terms of the cellular components regulating stomatal movements. The blue light response is involved in stomatal opening in the early morning and stomatal responses to sunflecks. The guard cell chloroplast is likely to be involved in stomatal adaptations to sun, shade and to temperature. Interactions between these photosystems, a third photoreceptor in guard cells, phytochrome, and other mechanisms transducing stomatal responses such as VPD and carbon dioxide, provide the cellular basis for stomatal regulation.

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