Modelling within-field variations in deoxynivalenol (DON) content in oats using proximal and remote sensing

Within-field variations in the mycotoxin deoxynivalenol (DON) in oat grain were investigated at two farms in south-west Sweden. At Sarestad farm (sampled 2012), where one of two fields studied was ploughed annually and the other was under no-till cultivation, the DON concentration varied between 28 and 1 755 ppb. The level was higher (270–5 000 ppb) at Entorp farm (sampled 2013). Within-field prediction models for DON were constructed using a data mining method (multi-variate adaptive regression splines) with satellite data, an ECa sensor and airborne laser scanning. At Sarestad, the no-till field had higher DON content, with the highest values in silty patches in the otherwise clayey soil. Sensor data related to soil and crop conditions had the potential to describe the DON variability within fields. The covariance between DON content and auxiliary data differed at Entorp farm, where high DON values (>2 000 ppb) were found in clayey parts of the field. This pattern was attributed to poor drainage with recurring waterlogging. Within these clayey parts, the highest DON contents coincided with the highest biomass density. South-west Sweden received much less rainfall in 2013 than in 2012, which may have resulted in different DON patterns in relation to soil types. In 2012, more permeable silty soils apparently promoted growth, biomass production and DON production, whereas in 2013 a poorly drained clayey soil with high water-holding capacity favoured development of high DON concentrations.

[1]  A. Brenning,et al.  Within-field variation of mycotoxin contamination of winter wheat is related to indicators of soil moisture , 2011, Plant and Soil.

[2]  D. Parry,et al.  Fusarium ear blight (scab) in small grain cereals—a review , 1995 .

[3]  R. Dill‐Macky,et al.  Colonization of the Residues of Diverse Plant Species by Gibberella zeae and Their Contribution to Fusarium Head Blight Inoculum. , 2008, Plant disease.

[4]  J. West,et al.  Impacts of changing climate and agronomic factors on fusarium ear blight of wheat in the UK , 2012 .

[5]  A. B. Kristoffersen,et al.  Influence of Agronomic and Climatic Factors on Fusarium Infestation and Mycotoxin Contamination of Cereals in Norway , 2012, Food additives & contaminants. Part A, Chemistry, analysis, control, exposure & risk assessment.

[6]  J. Miller.  Mycotoxins in small grains and maize: Old problems, new challenges , 2008, Food additives & contaminants. Part A, Chemistry, analysis, control, exposure & risk assessment.

[7]  Mats Söderström,et al.  Sensor data fusion for topsoil clay mapping , 2013 .

[8]  R. Krska,et al.  Deoxynivalenol and other selected Fusarium toxins in Swedish oats--occurrence and correlation to specific Fusarium species. , 2013, International journal of food microbiology.

[9]  John Ignatius Griffin,et al.  Statistics; methods and applications , 1963 .

[10]  Alexander Brenning,et al.  Multifactorial spatial analysis of mycotoxin contamination of winter wheat at the field and landscape scale , 2010 .

[11]  P. Lancashire,et al.  A uniform decimal code for growth stages of crops and weeds , 1991 .

[12]  B. Cooke,et al.  Within-field variability of Fusarium head blight pathogens and their associated mycotoxins , 2007, European Journal of Plant Pathology.

[13]  Xiang-ming Xu,et al.  Effect of temperature and duration of wetness during initial infection periods on disease development, fungal biomass and mycotoxin concentrations on wheat inoculated with single, or combinations of, Fusarium species , 2007 .

[14]  D. Ruppert.  The Elements of Statistical Learning: Data Mining, Inference, and Prediction , 2004 .

[15]  A. Schaafsma,et al.  Climatic models to predict occurrence of Fusarium toxins in wheat and maize. , 2007, International journal of food microbiology.

[16]  F. J. Pierce,et al.  Relating apparent electrical conductivity to soil properties across the north-central USA , 2005 .

[17]  S. Wegulo.  Factors Influencing Deoxynivalenol Accumulation in Small Grain Cereals , 2012, Toxins.

[18]  R. Krska,et al.  Spatial variability of fusarium head blight pathogens and associated mycotoxins in wheat crops , 2010 .

[19]  R. Krska,et al.  Deoxynivalenol and other selected Fusarium toxins in Swedish wheat--occurrence and correlation to specific Fusarium species. , 2013, International journal of food microbiology.

[20]  O. Elen,et al.  The occurrence of deoxynivalenol in Norwegian cereals—differences between years and districts, 1988–1996 , 1997 .

[21]  A. Visconti,et al.  Toxicity of some Fusarium section Sporotrichiella strains in relation to mycotoxin production , 1992, Applied and environmental microbiology.

[22]  Deutsche Ausgabe.  World Reference Base for Soil Resources 2006 , 2007 .

[23]  A. Schaafsma,et al.  Using Weather Variables Pre- and Post-heading to Predict Deoxynivalenol Content in Winter Wheat. , 2002, Plant disease.

[24]  Robert Tibshirani,et al.  The Elements of Statistical Learning: Data Mining, Inference, and Prediction, 2nd Edition , 2001, Springer Series in Statistics.

[25]  Trevor Hastie,et al.  The Elements of Statistical Learning , 2001 .