A Systematic Mapping Literature of Immersive Learning from SVR Publications

Immersive Learning (iL) is known as a recent area of research that uses three-dimensional virtual environments and multi-sensory devices, also known as immersive technologies, to support the improvement of learning outcomes. This work aims to obtain evidence of theoretical and technological aspects of iL from the Symposium on Virtual and Augmented Reality (SVR) publications. A Systematic Literature Mapping protocol was developed and executed in order to select the primary studies to perform the analysis and data extraction. 76 primary studies helped to answer the research questions. A large part of the contributions by the SVR community are virtual environments that support education in the health area. In addition, some gaps and research opportunities were identified: virtual environments that serve audiences with special needs; development frameworks that consider pedagogical aspects and the use of biometric measures to support the validation of improved learning outcomes.

[1]  Ezequiel Roberto Zorzal,et al.  Augmented Reality Applied to Health Education , 2013, 2013 XV Symposium on Virtual and Augmented Reality.

[2]  B. Cole Mission impossible? Special educational needs, inclusion and the re‐conceptualization of the role of the SENCO in England and Wales , 2005 .

[3]  Wolfgang Broll,et al.  AR Training for Paragliding Pilots: An Investigation of User Experience and Requirements , 2019, 2019 21st Symposium on Virtual and Augmented Reality (SVR).

[4]  Jayfus T. Doswell,et al.  Juxtopia® CAMMRAD Prepare: A Wearable AI-AR Platform for Clinical Training Emergency First Response Teams , 2020, 2020 22nd Symposium on Virtual and Augmented Reality (SVR).

[5]  Ronei Marcos de Moraes,et al.  Evaluation of Collaborative Activities in Medical Simulators Based on Virtual Reality , 2013, 2013 XV Symposium on Virtual and Augmented Reality.

[6]  Veronica Teichrieb,et al.  Virtual Playground: An Augmented Reality Application to Improve English Learning , 2020, 2020 22nd Symposium on Virtual and Augmented Reality (SVR).

[7]  André Luiz Maciel Santana,et al.  Use of Augmented Reality for Computational Thinking Stimulation through Virtual , 2019, 2019 21st Symposium on Virtual and Augmented Reality (SVR).

[8]  Heidi Sveistrup,et al.  Motor rehabilitation using virtual reality , 2004, Journal of NeuroEngineering and Rehabilitation.

[9]  Rahim Rahmani,et al.  A Systematic Review of Learning Through Mobile Augmented Reality , 2018, Int. J. Interact. Mob. Technol..

[10]  K. P. Vinumol,et al.  Augmented Reality Based Interactive Text Book: An Assistive Technology for Students with Learning Disability , 2013, 2013 XV Symposium on Virtual and Augmented Reality.

[11]  Stephan Diehl,et al.  Software Visualization - Visualizing the Structure, Behaviour, and Evolution of Software , 2007 .

[12]  Jose L. Contreras-Vidal,et al.  Evaluating Educational Settings through Biometric Data and Virtual Response Testing , 2018, Proceedings of the 38th Annual Conference of the Association for Computer Aided Design in Architecture (ACADIA).

[13]  Matheus A.O. Ribeiro,et al.  Visual and Haptic Trajectories Applied to Dental Anesthesia Training: Conceptualization, Implementation and Preliminary Evaluation , 2018, 2018 20th Symposium on Virtual and Augmented Reality (SVR).

[14]  Matt C. Howard,et al.  A meta-analysis of virtual reality training programs for social skill development , 2020, Comput. Educ..

[15]  O. Alfarraj,et al.  Augmented reality in special education: a meta-analysis of single-subject design studies , 2019, European Journal of Special Needs Education.

[16]  Şirin Küçük Avcı,et al.  The Effect of Three Dimensional Virtual Environments and Augmented Reality Applications on The Learning Achievement: A Meta-Analysis Study , 2019, TED EĞİTİM VE BİLİM.

[17]  Leonardo R. Domingues,et al.  Development of Immersive Virtual Reality Environment to Train Electricians to Work on Substations , 2015, 2015 XVII Symposium on Virtual and Augmented Reality.

[18]  Niels Henze,et al.  Using Presence Questionnaires in Virtual Reality , 2019, CHI.

[19]  Daniel B. Domingueti,et al.  AVRA: virtual learning environment with virtual reality capabilities , 2020, 2020 22nd Symposium on Virtual and Augmented Reality (SVR).

[20]  C. Botella,et al.  Virtual reality in the treatment of spider phobia: a controlled study. , 2002, Behaviour research and therapy.

[21]  Liliane S. Machado,et al.  A Simulator for Regional Anesthesia Training , 2017, 2017 19th Symposium on Virtual and Augmented Reality (SVR).

[22]  Francisco Milton Mendes Neto,et al.  Knowledgemon Hunter: A Serious Game with Geolocation to Support Learning of Children with Autism and Learning Difficulties , 2017, 2017 19th Symposium on Virtual and Augmented Reality (SVR).

[23]  P A Hancock,et al.  The Effects of Virtual Reality, Augmented Reality, and Mixed Reality as Training Enhancement Methods: A Meta-Analysis , 2020, Hum. Factors.

[24]  João Marcelo X. N. Teixeira,et al.  Perspectives on how to evaluate augmented reality technology tools for education: a systematic review , 2019, Journal of the Brazilian Computer Society.

[25]  Francisco Milton Mendes Neto,et al.  An Inteligent Agent-Based Virtual Game for Oil Drilling Operators Training , 2011, 2011 XIII Symposium on Virtual Reality.

[26]  Maria Andréia F. Rodrigues,et al.  SimImplanto - A Virtual Dental Implant Training Simulator , 2016, 2016 XVIII Symposium on Virtual and Augmented Reality (SVR).

[27]  Cláudia Maria Lima Werner,et al.  Supporting System Modeling Learning Using Gestures for Visualization Control as Method of Immersion , 2016, 2016 XVIII Symposium on Virtual and Augmented Reality (SVR).

[28]  Romero Tori,et al.  A Model of Assessment of Knowledge Acquisition in Three-Dimensional Learning Virtual Environments , 2012, 2012 14th Symposium on Virtual and Augmented Reality.

[29]  Jaehyun Park,et al.  Virtual reality sickness questionnaire (VRSQ): Motion sickness measurement index in a virtual reality environment. , 2018, Applied ergonomics.

[30]  Jauvane Cavalcante de Oliveira,et al.  Helicopter visual signaling simulation: Integrating VR and ML into a low-cost solution to optimize Brazilian Navy training , 2020, 2020 22nd Symposium on Virtual and Augmented Reality (SVR).

[31]  Veronica Teichrieb,et al.  An Integration Model for Access to Archaeological Collections Using Multimodal Interaction in Virtual Environments , 2012, 2012 14th Symposium on Virtual and Augmented Reality.

[32]  Melise Maria Veiga de Paula,et al.  An Approach for Using Augmented Reality to PSEN , 2013, 2013 XV Symposium on Virtual and Augmented Reality.

[33]  Bill Kapralos,et al.  Prototyping Virtual Reality Interactions in Medical Simulation Employing Speech Recognition , 2020, 2020 22nd Symposium on Virtual and Augmented Reality (SVR).

[34]  Andreas Schreiber,et al.  Visualizing Software Architectures in Virtual Reality with an Island Metaphor , 2018, HCI.

[35]  Fabiano Amorim Vaz,et al.  KinardCar: Auxiliary Game in Formation of Young Drivers, Utilizing Kinect and Arduino Integration , 2014, SVR.

[36]  Alberto Barbosa Raposo,et al.  SimTJS: A Model for Developing Serious Games for Training , 2014, 2014 XVI Symposium on Virtual and Augmented Reality.

[37]  Liliane S. Machado,et al.  Natural Interaction to Support Teaching Activities in Health , 2014, 2014 XVI Symposium on Virtual and Augmented Reality.

[38]  Edivaldo Rabelo de Menezes,et al.  Aplicação de ferramentas de diagnóstico organizacional: o caso da Agência X do Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE) , 2021, Revista Brasileira de Administração Científica.

[39]  Paulo Nazareno Maia Sampaio,et al.  MOGRE-Storytelling: Interactive Creation of 3D Stories , 2014, 2014 XVI Symposium on Virtual and Augmented Reality.

[40]  Ingrid Poncin,et al.  Non-immersive virtual reality technologies in real estate: How customer experience drives attitudes toward properties and the service provider , 2020 .

[41]  Jauvane Cavalcante de Oliveira,et al.  A CAVE/Desktop Collaborative Virtual Environment for Offshore Oil Platform Training , 2016, 2016 XVIII Symposium on Virtual and Augmented Reality (SVR).

[42]  Romero Tori,et al.  Simulation of Deformation in Models of Human Organs Using Physical Parameters , 2014, 2014 XVI Symposium on Virtual and Augmented Reality.

[43]  Marcelo de Paiva Guimarães,et al.  Simulator for Teaching Magnetic Disk Scheduling Algorithms , 2018, 2018 20th Symposium on Virtual and Augmented Reality (SVR).

[44]  Jauvane Cavalcante de Oliveira,et al.  PraCiMA: A Training System for Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Procedure , 2012, SVR.

[45]  Alessandro Vieira dos Reis,et al.  Virtual Reality for Agribusiness in the Development of a Maintenance Simulator for Agricultural Machinery for Senar Goiás , 2019, 2019 21st Symposium on Virtual and Augmented Reality (SVR).

[46]  Romero Tori,et al.  Realistic Simulation of Deformation for Medical Training Applications , 2013, 2013 XV Symposium on Virtual and Augmented Reality.

[47]  Romero Tori,et al.  Immersive Teleconferencing System Based on Video-Avatar for Distance Learning , 2011, 2011 XIII Symposium on Virtual Reality.

[48]  Rosa Maria Esteves Moreira da Costa,et al.  Gym & Muscles - Developing a Software for Supporting Weight Training Exercises , 2015, 2015 XVII Symposium on Virtual and Augmented Reality.

[49]  M. Özdemir,et al.  The Effect of Augmented Reality Applications in the Learning Process: A Meta-Analysis Study , 2018 .

[50]  Jauvane Cavalcante de Oliveira,et al.  Architectures of Collaborative Virtual Environments for Teamwork Training , 2017, 2017 19th Symposium on Virtual and Augmented Reality (SVR).

[51]  Ronei Marcos de Moraes,et al.  Enhancing Collaboration on a Cloud-Based CVE for Supporting Surgical Education , 2016, 2016 XVIII Symposium on Virtual and Augmented Reality (SVR).

[52]  Murat Akcay,et al.  Advantages and challenges associated with augmented reality for education : A systematic review of the literature , 2017 .

[53]  P. Milgram,et al.  A Taxonomy of Mixed Reality Visual Displays , 1994 .

[54]  Liliane dos Santos Machado,et al.  A Collaborative and Immersive VR Simulator for Education and Assessment of Surgical Teams , 2015, 2015 XVII Symposium on Virtual and Augmented Reality.

[55]  Valéria Farinazzo Martins Salvador,et al.  Music-AR: Augmented Reality in Teaching the Concept of Sound Loudness to Children in Pre-School , 2014, 2014 XVI Symposium on Virtual and Augmented Reality.

[56]  Felipe Becker Nunes,et al.  Virtual Worlds and Education: A Case of Study in the Teaching of Computer Networks Using the Sloodle , 2013, 2013 XV Symposium on Virtual and Augmented Reality.

[57]  Leticia Fonseca Toledo,et al.  Haptic Surgery Simulation for Cataract , 2017, 2017 19th Symposium on Virtual and Augmented Reality (SVR).

[58]  Thomas C. Reeves,et al.  Immersive learning technologies: Realism and online authentic learning , 2007, J. Comput. High. Educ..

[59]  Mateus de Lara Ribeiro,et al.  Breast Palpation Simulation with Haptic Feedback: Prototype and Initial Results , 2014, 2014 XVI Symposium on Virtual and Augmented Reality.

[60]  Emanuel Ferreira Coutinho,et al.  Requirements for Development of a Low Cost Portable Simulator for Shooting Skill Training , 2016, 2016 XVIII Symposium on Virtual and Augmented Reality (SVR).

[61]  Paulo Eduardo Ambrósio,et al.  Words Game in an Educational Context: Augmented Reality Aplication , 2011, 2011 XIII Symposium on Virtual Reality.

[62]  Pearl Brereton,et al.  Performing systematic literature reviews in software engineering , 2006, ICSE.

[63]  Anselmo Cardoso de Paiva,et al.  An Immersive Virtual Reality Application for Collaborative Training of Power Systems Operators , 2015, 2015 XVII Symposium on Virtual and Augmented Reality.

[64]  Andreas Dengel,et al.  Immersive Learning Explored: Subjective and Objective Factors Influencing Learning Outcomes in Immersive Educational Virtual Environments , 2018, 2018 IEEE International Conference on Teaching, Assessment, and Learning for Engineering (TALE).

[65]  Manoel Ribeiro Filho,et al.  SwImax: A Web Tool Using Virtual Reality for Teaching the WiMAX Protocol , 2011, 2011 XIII Symposium on Virtual Reality.

[66]  Joaquim B. Cavalcante Neto,et al.  System Model for Shooting Training Based on Interactive Video, Three-Dimensional Computer Graphics and Laser Ray Capture , 2012, 2012 14th Symposium on Virtual and Augmented Reality.

[67]  Iguatemi Eduardo da Fonseca,et al.  A Training System to Help Professionals in the Electric Sector in Risky Operations , 2013, 2013 XV Symposium on Virtual and Augmented Reality.

[68]  Jauvane Cavalcante de Oliveira,et al.  Virtual Walking in a Synthetic World through an Low-Cost Interaction Device , 2013, 2013 XV Symposium on Virtual and Augmented Reality.

[69]  Bruna Vieira Frade,et al.  The Use of Virtual Reality as the Object of Mathematics Learning , 2015, SVR.

[70]  Taiane Silva Barbosa,et al.  Panorama of Researches Related to the Application of Virtual Reality in the Health Area in SVR , 2019, 2019 21st Symposium on Virtual and Augmented Reality (SVR).

[71]  Rodrigo Varejão Andreão,et al.  Virtual Reality System for Industrial Motor Maintenance Training , 2020, 2020 22nd Symposium on Virtual and Augmented Reality (SVR).

[72]  Paul Clements,et al.  Software architecture in practice , 1999, SEI series in software engineering.

[73]  Paul Clements,et al.  Software Architecture in Practice: Addison-Wesley , 1998 .

[74]  Antonio Valério Netto Application of Interactive Technology for Training in the Security Area , 2015, 2015 XVII Symposium on Virtual and Augmented Reality.

[75]  David Wells,et al.  Augmenting the learning experience in primary and secondary school education: a systematic review of recent trends in augmented reality game-based learning , 2019, Virtual Reality.

[76]  Felipe Becker Nunes,et al.  Context-Aware Virtual Laboratory for Teaching Computer Networks: A Proposal in the 3D OpenSim Environment , 2013, 2013 XV Symposium on Virtual and Augmented Reality.

[77]  Vinicius Souza,et al.  The Effect of Virtual Reality on Knowledge Transfer and Retention in Collaborative Group-Based Learning for Neuroanatomy Students , 2020, 2020 22nd Symposium on Virtual and Augmented Reality (SVR).

[78]  Jorge Bacca,et al.  Augmented Reality Trends in Education: A Systematic Review of Research and Applications , 2014, J. Educ. Technol. Soc..

[79]  Ronei Marcos de Moraes,et al.  Evolution of Virtual and Augmented Reality in Health: A Reflection from 15 Years of SVR , 2014, 2014 XVI Symposium on Virtual and Augmented Reality.

[80]  Sara de Freitas,et al.  The use of 'exploratory learning' for supporting immersive learning in virtual environments , 2009, Comput. Educ..

[81]  Marcos Wagner de Souza Ribeiro,et al.  Immersive Virtual Environment for Math Aid in the Early Years , 2019, 2019 21st Symposium on Virtual and Augmented Reality (SVR).

[82]  Alexandre Cardoso,et al.  The Use of Virtual Reality for Simulation and Training of Bovine Artificial Insemination with Haptic Devices , 2012, 2012 14th Symposium on Virtual and Augmented Reality.

[83]  Paolo Bonato,et al.  JNER: a forum to discuss how neuroscience and biomedical engineering are reshaping physical medicine & rehabilitation , 2004, Journal of NeuroEngineering and Rehabilitation.

[84]  Carlos Delgado-Kloos,et al.  Augmented reality for STEM learning: A systematic review , 2018, Computers & Education.

[85]  D Strickland,et al.  Virtual reality for the treatment of autism. , 1997, Studies in health technology and informatics.

[86]  Felipe Becker Nunes,et al.  Virtual Lab: An Immersive Tool to Assist in the Teaching of Software Engineering , 2014, 2014 XVI Symposium on Virtual and Augmented Reality.

[87]  José Francisco de Magalhães Netto,et al.  ELRA - Teaching Brazilian Sign Language Using Augmented Reality , 2014, SVR.

[88]  Maria Andréia F. Rodrigues,et al.  Virtual Simulator for Forklift Training , 2018, 2018 20th Symposium on Virtual and Augmented Reality (SVR).

[89]  Luciene Chagas de Oliveira,et al.  Serious Game for Chronic Subdural Hematoma Neurosurgy using Virtual Reality , 2020, 2020 22nd Symposium on Virtual and Augmented Reality (SVR).

[90]  C. Werner,et al.  Work-in-Progress–Supporting Software Engineering Education through Immersive Learning , 2021, 2021 7th International Conference of the Immersive Learning Research Network (iLRN).

[91]  J. B. Brooke,et al.  SUS: A 'Quick and Dirty' Usability Scale , 1996 .

[92]  Pierre Boulanger,et al.  Proxy Haptics for Surgical Training , 2020, 2020 22nd Symposium on Virtual and Augmented Reality (SVR).

[93]  João Marcelo X. N. Teixeira,et al.  Glassist: Using Augmented Reality on Google Glass as an Aid to Classroom Management , 2014, 2014 XVI Symposium on Virtual and Augmented Reality.

[94]  Francisco Simões,et al.  A Dynamic Blocks Platform Based on Projective Augmented Reality and Tangible Interfaces for Educational Activities , 2013, 2013 XV Symposium on Virtual and Augmented Reality.

[95]  Roger S. Pressman,et al.  Software Engineering: A Practitioner's Approach , 1982 .

[96]  Jauvane Cavalcante de Oliveira,et al.  Performance Analysis of the xSight 3120 HMD in a Pleural Puncture Medical Simulation , 2013, 2013 XV Symposium on Virtual and Augmented Reality.

[97]  Cláudia Werner,et al.  Towards Immersive Learning in Object-Oriented Paradigm: A Preliminary Study , 2019, 2019 21st Symposium on Virtual and Augmented Reality (SVR).

[98]  Jauvane Cavalcante de Oliveira,et al.  A Kinect-based Oil Platform Training Application , 2014, SVR.

[99]  Veronica Teichrieb,et al.  ARBlocks: A Concept for a Dynamic Blocks Platform for Educational Activities , 2011, 2011 XIII Symposium on Virtual Reality.

[100]  Luciano P. Soares,et al.  Simulation Training in Oil Platforms , 2016, 2016 XVIII Symposium on Virtual and Augmented Reality (SVR).

[101]  Sérgio Ribeiro dos Santos,et al.  REANIME a neonatal resuscitation simulator for evaluating team training , 2020, 2020 22nd Symposium on Virtual and Augmented Reality (SVR).

[102]  Jauvane Cavalcante de Oliveira,et al.  SimObturation: Virtual Reality Application for Simulation of Dental Obturation Procedure Training with Phantom Omni Device Integration , 2019, 2019 21st Symposium on Virtual and Augmented Reality (SVR).

[103]  Alistair G. Sutcliffe,et al.  Heuristic evaluation of virtual reality applications , 2004, Interact. Comput..

[104]  Hakan Tekedere,et al.  Examining the Effectiveness of Augmented Reality Applications in Education: A Meta-Analysis. , 2016 .

[105]  Rafael Rieder,et al.  A Virtual Environment for Drone Pilot Training Using VR Devices , 2016, 2016 XVIII Symposium on Virtual and Augmented Reality (SVR).

[106]  D. Moher,et al.  Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: the PRISMA statement. , 2010, International journal of surgery.

[107]  Alberto Barbosa Raposo,et al.  Topological and tactical study of terrains modeled into a synthetic training environment as a military educational resource , 2020, 2020 22nd Symposium on Virtual and Augmented Reality (SVR).

[108]  Romero Tori,et al.  Augmented and Virtual Reality in Education: The Role of Brazilian Research Groups , 2018, 2018 20th Symposium on Virtual and Augmented Reality (SVR).

[109]  Paulo Vinicius de Farias Paiva,et al.  A Virtual Environment for Training and Assessment of Surgical Teams , 2013, 2013 XV Symposium on Virtual and Augmented Reality.

[110]  Zahira Merchant,et al.  Effectiveness of virtual reality-based instruction on students' learning outcomes in K-12 and higher education: A meta-analysis , 2014, Comput. Educ..

[111]  Neil Patrick Del Gallego A Proposed Learning Content for Teaching Handheld Augmented Reality in a Classroom Setting , 2020, 2020 22nd Symposium on Virtual and Augmented Reality (SVR).

[113]  Jaziar Radianti,et al.  A systematic review of immersive virtual reality applications for higher education: Design elements, lessons learned, and research agenda , 2020, Comput. Educ..

[114]  Fátima de Lourdes dos Santos Nunes,et al.  Gamification as a Learning Strategy in a Simulation of Dental Anesthesia , 2017, 2017 19th Symposium on Virtual and Augmented Reality (SVR).

[115]  Ricardo R. Barioni,et al.  BalletVR: a Virtual Reality System for Ballet Arm Positions Training , 2019, 2019 21st Symposium on Virtual and Augmented Reality (SVR).

[116]  Liliane dos Santos Machado,et al.  Surgical Simulation: Applying an Architecture for Collaborative Evaluation of Teams , 2014, 2014 XVI Symposium on Virtual and Augmented Reality.

[117]  Jauvane Cavalcante de Oliveira,et al.  Virtual Reality in Army Artillery Observer Training , 2019, 2019 21st Symposium on Virtual and Augmented Reality (SVR).