Fuzzy Prototypes: From a Cognitive View to a Machine Learning Principle

Cognitive psychology works have shown that the cognitive representation of categories is based on a typicality notion: all objects of a category do not have the same representativeness, some are more characteristic or more typical than others, and better exemplify their category. Categories are then defined in terms of prototypes, i.e. in terms of their most typical elements. Furthermore, these works showed that an object is all the more typical of its category as it shares many features with the other members of the category and few features with the members of other categories.

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