Kopfschmerzen und Multiple Sklerose

Zusammenfassung Diese Übersicht berichtet über die Assoziation von Multipler Sklerose (MS) und Migräne, Spannungskopfschmerzen, Trigeminusneuralgie und den durch die immunmodulatorische Therapie verursachten Kopfschmerz. Die Migräneprävalenz in MS-Patienten liegt zwischen 20 und 45% und unterscheidet sich aufgrund von regionalen Besonderheiten, dem Geschlecht und der Art der immunmodulatorischen Therapie. In einigen Untersuchungen scheint insbesondere die Migräne mit Aura ein Risikofaktor für das Auftreten und ein Prädiktor für eine frühe Manifestation der MS zu sein. Spannungskopfschmerzen bestehen bei MS-Patienten nicht gehäuft. Kopfschmerzen sind bis zu fünfmal häufiger unter einer Therapie mit Beta-Interferonen als unter Glatirameracetat. Eine kurzzeitige Gabe von Koanalgetika bewirkt eine Verbesserung der Kopfschmerzen nach Beta-Interferon-Injektion. Eine Trigeminusneuralgie tritt bis zu dreimal häufiger bei MS-Patienten, in bis zu 18% aller betroffenen Patienten auch bilateral auf und ist häufig symptomatisch. Die Daten bezogen auf die Assoziation MS und Kopfschmerzen sind vielfach noch lückenhaft, sodass große populationsbasierte Studien mit Kontrolle der Konfounder sinnvoll erscheinen.

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