Virtual Reality and 3D Imaging to Support Collaborative Decision Making for Adaptation of Long-Life Assets

European companies of today are involved in many stages of the product life cycle. There is a trend towards the view of their business as a complex industrial product-service system (IPSS). This trend shifts the business focus from a traditional product oriented one to a function oriented one. With the function in focus, the seller shares the responsibility of for example maintenance of the product with the buyer. As such IPSS has been praised for supporting sustainable practices. This shift in focus also promotes longevity of products and promotes life extending work on the products such as adaptation and upgrades. Staying competitive requires continuous improvement of manufacturing and services to make them more flexible and adaptive to external changes. The adaptation itself needs to be performed efficiently without disrupting ongoing operations and needs to result in an acceptable after state. Virtual planning models are a key technology to enable planning and design of the future operations in parallel with ongoing operations. This chapter presents an approach to combine digitalization and virtual reality (VR) technologies to create the next generation of virtual planning environments. Through incorporating digitalization techniques such as 3D imaging, the models will reach a new level of fidelity and realism which in turn makes them accessible to a broader group of users and stakeholders. Increased accessibility facilitates a collaborative decision making process that invites and includes cross functional teams. Through such involvement, a broader range of experts, their skills, operational and tacit knowledge can be leveraged towards better planning of the upgrade process. This promises to shorten lead times and reduce risk in upgrade projects through better expert involvements and shorter iterations in the upgrade planning cycle.

[1]  E. Reed.  The Ecological Approach to Visual Perception , 1989 .

[2]  Michael Meehan,et al.  Physiological measures of presence in stressful virtual environments , 2002, SIGGRAPH.

[3]  Giovanna Sansoni,et al.  State-of-The-Art and Applications of 3D Imaging Sensors in Industry, Cultural Heritage, Medicine, and Criminal Investigation , 2009, Sensors.

[4]  Ramsey Ad.  Virtual Reality induced symptoms and effects : a psychophysiological perspective. , 1999 .

[5]  Lihui Wang,et al.  Review: Advances in 3D data acquisition and processing for industrial applications , 2010 .

[6]  Gabriele Guidi,et al.  3D digitizing of cultural heritage , 2001 .

[7]  Francois Blais,et al.  Traceable 3D imaging metrology , 2007, Electronic Imaging.

[8]  Jonathan Steuer,et al.  Defining virtual reality: dimensions determining telepresence , 1992 .

[9]  Oksana Mont,et al.  Clarifying the Concept of Product-Service System , 2002 .

[10]  B Korves,et al.  Designing an immersive virtual reality interface for layout planning , 2000 .

[11]  Bernd Fröhlich,et al.  Immersive Group-to-Group Telepresence , 2013, IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics.

[12]  Ken Pimentel,et al.  Virtual reality - through the new looking glass , 1993 .

[13]  D. Deitz.  Real engineering in a virtual world , 1995 .

[14]  Francois Blais,et al.  TRACEABLE 3D IMAGING METROLOGY: EVALUATION OF 3D DIGITIZING TECHNIQUES IN A DEDICATED METROLOGY LABORATORY , 2007 .

[15]  Christian Lauer,et al.  Collaborative Factory Planning in Virtual Reality , 2012 .

[16]  Radu Bogdan Rusu,et al.  3D is here: Point Cloud Library (PCL) , 2011, 2011 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation.

[17]  Heinrich H. Bülthoff,et al.  The Effect of Viewing a Self-Avatar on Distance Judgments in an HMD-Based Virtual Environment , 2010, PRESENCE: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments.

[18]  Marcelo R. Campo,et al.  An Overview of 3D Software Visualization , 2009, IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics.

[19]  Hyung Jun Ahn,et al.  Utilizing knowledge context in virtual collaborative work , 2005, Decis. Support Syst..

[20]  Robert P. Smith,et al.  Virtual facility layout design: The value of an interactive three-dimensional representation , 1999 .

[21]  Natalie Kupferberg.  Going Virtual , 2002 .

[22]  Jack M. Loomis,et al.  Distal Attribution and Presence , 1992, Presence: Teleoperators & Virtual Environments.

[23]  Jakob Druve.  Reverse Engineering av 3D-skannad data , 2016 .

[24]  Robert S. Kennedy,et al.  Simulator Sickness Questionnaire: An enhanced method for quantifying simulator sickness. , 1993 .

[25]  Linda Stridsberg,et al.  Användning av punktmolnsdata från laserskanning vid redigering, simulering och reverse engineering i en digital produktionsmiljö , 2013 .

[26]  Karin Ackermann.  Automation Production Systems And Computer Integrated Manufacturing , 2016 .

[27]  Paul J. Besl,et al.  Active, optical range imaging sensors , 1988, Machine Vision and Applications.

[28]  Bernd Fröhlich,et al.  C1x6: a stereoscopic six-user display for co-located collaboration in shared virtual environments , 2011, SA '11.

[29]  Daniel Cohen-Or,et al.  Consolidation of unorganized point clouds for surface reconstruction , 2009, ACM Trans. Graph..

[30]  Dennis Proffitt,et al.  Quantifying immersion in virtual reality , 1997, SIGGRAPH.

[31]  A.W.L. Yao,et al.  Applications of 3D scanning and reverse engineering techniques for quality control of quick response products , 2005 .

[32]  Doug A. Bowman,et al.  Virtual Reality: How Much Immersion Is Enough? , 2007, Computer.

[33]  Tim Anderson,et al.  The Virtual Reality Casebook , 1994 .

[34]  John R. Wilson,et al.  Virtual Reality-Induced Symptoms and Effects (VRISE) , 1999, Presence: Teleoperators & Virtual Environments.

[35]  Ralph R. Martin,et al.  Reverse engineering of geometric models - an introduction , 1997, Comput. Aided Des..

[36]  Reimund Neugebauer,et al.  Virtual reality-aided planning for energy-autonomous factories , 2011, 2011 9th IEEE International Conference on Industrial Informatics.

[37]  B Korves,et al.  The application of immersive virtual reality for layout planning of manufacturing cells , 1999 .

[38]  Silvia Silva da Costa Botelho,et al.  An immersive and collaborative visualization system for digital manufacturing , 2010 .

[39]  Frédéric Bosché,et al.  Automated retrieval of 3D CAD model objects in construction range images , 2008 .

[40]  Günther Schuh,et al.  Technology roadmapping for the production in high-wage countries , 2011, Prod. Eng..

[41]  S. Slob,et al.  3D Terrestrial Laser Scanning as a New Field Measurement and Monitoring Technique , 2004 .

[42]  Jinhong Xie,et al.  The Impact of Cross‐Functional Joint Involvement Across Product Development Stages: An Exploratory Study , 1998 .