Normalization Process Theory Implementing, Embedding, and Integrating Practices: An Outline of

ABSTRACT Understanding the processes by which practices become routinely embedded ineveryday life is a long-standing concern of sociology and the other social sciences.It has important applied relevance in understanding and evaluating the implemen-tation of material practices across a range of settings. This article sets out a theoryof normalization processes that proposes a working model of implementation,embedding and integration in conditions marked by complexity and emergence.The theory focuses on the work of embedding and of sustaining practices withininteraction chains, and helps in understanding why some processes seem to leadto a practice becoming normalized while others do not. KEYWORDS diffusion of innovation / embedding / implementation / material practice /normalization process theory / routinization Introduction T his is an article about how and why things become, or don’t become, routineand normal components of everyday work. This is an important question notonly for sociologists interested in the construction of the life-world, but forthose interested in understanding how particular material practices are rendered as

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