Bio-Tribological Demands

From an engineer’s point of view, an artificial joint represents a technical system with well-defined components under individual boundary conditions that are difficult to predict. History has shown that materials which were demonstrated to have considerable potential as biomaterials for joint reconstruction under in vitro conditions, failed in vivo after a short period due to a bad mechanical or biological outcome. Examples of this are polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE, or ‘teflon’) and zirconia ceramics (Charnley, 1961, 1963; Derbyshire et al., 1994; Dowson, 2001; Haraguchi et al., 2001; Hernigou and Bahrami, 2003). Bio-engineers and surgeons often must wait for years to discover if a new material or implant design will have a proven clinical outcome. Materials are used for joint prostheses according to their function. For example, a distinction can be drawn between materials made for components used to achieve the best possible long-term fixation within the bone stock and those that are made for reconstruction of the deceased joint articulation function. The latter are included in the present book. This chapter explains the choice of materials used today and what the bio-tribological demands for a new bearing material are.

[1]  Antonius Rohlmann,et al.  Total hip joint prosthesis for in vivo measurement of forces and moments. , 2010, Medical engineering & physics.

[2]  D Dowson,et al.  New joints for the Millennium: Wear control in total replacement hip joints , 2001, Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers. Part H, Journal of engineering in medicine.

[3]  J Fisher,et al.  Bioengineering reasons for the failure of metal-on-metal hip prostheses: an engineer's perspective. , 2011, The Journal of bone and joint surgery. British volume.

[4]  J. Herbert,et al.  [Arthroplasty of the hip]. , 1952, Rhumatologie.

[5]  J. Katz,et al.  Early failures of total hip replacement: effect of surgeon volume. , 2004, Arthritis and rheumatism.

[6]  C. Rorabeck,et al.  The operation of the century: total hip replacement , 2007, The Lancet.

[7]  J. Lewis,et al.  Dislocations after total hip-replacement arthroplasties. , 1978, The Journal of bone and joint surgery. American volume.

[8]  W. Walter,et al.  Edge loading in third generation alumina ceramic-on-ceramic bearings: stripe wear. , 2004, The Journal of arthroplasty.

[9]  P. Campbell,et al.  Correlation between inclination of the acetabular component and metal ion levels in metal-on-metal hip resurfacing replacement. , 2008, The Journal of bone and joint surgery. British volume.

[10]  G. Bergmann,et al.  Hip joint contact forces during stumbling , 2004, Langenbeck's Archives of Surgery.

[11]  G. Bergmann,et al.  Loading of the knee joint during activities of daily living measured in vivo in five subjects. , 2010, Journal of biomechanics.

[12]  H. Bertram,et al.  Osteolysis in alloarthroplasty of the hip. The role of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene wear particles. , 1990, Clinical orthopaedics and related research.

[13]  A. Kurth,et al.  Fracture of ceramic heads in total hip replacement , 2006, Archives of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery.

[14]  D. D’Lima,et al.  Tibial forces measured in vivo after total knee arthroplasty. , 2006, The Journal of arthroplasty.

[15]  D. Dowson,et al.  Comparative study of the wear of UHMWPE with zirconia ceramic and stainless steel femoral heads in artificial hip joints. , 1994, Medical engineering & physics.

[16]  T. Gioe,et al.  Analysis of unicompartmental knee arthroplasty in a community-based implant registry. , 2003, Clinical orthopaedics and related research.

[17]  N. Sugano,et al.  Phase transformation of a zirconia ceramic head after total hip arthroplasty. , 2001, The Journal of bone and joint surgery. British volume.

[18]  G. Bergmann,et al.  Hip contact forces and gait patterns from routine activities. , 2001, Journal of biomechanics.

[19]  S. Kurtz,et al.  Degradation of mechanical properties of UHMWPE acetabular liners following long-term implantation. , 2003, The Journal of arthroplasty.

[20]  Robin L Bliss,et al.  Risk factors for revision of primary total hip arthroplasty: a systematic review , 2012, BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders.

[21]  J Charnley,et al.  Arthroplasty of the hip. A new operation. , 1961, Lancet.

[22]  S. Goodman,et al.  Unexpected failure of highly cross-linked polyethylene acetabular liner. , 2012, The Journal of arthroplasty.

[23]  Seppo Santavirta.  Biotribology , 2005, Acta orthopaedica.

[24]  W. Harris,et al.  Effect of Radiation, Heat, and Aging on In Vitro Wear Resistance of Polyethylene , 2003, Clinical orthopaedics and related research.

[25]  Christian Fabry,et al.  Generation of physiological parameter sets for hip joint motions and loads during daily life activities for application in wear simulators of the artificial hip joint. , 2013, Medical engineering & physics.

[26]  J. Charnley.  TISSUE REACTIONS TO POLYTETRAFLUORETHYLENE , 1963 .

[27]  D. Heitzmann,et al.  Hard-on-Hard Lubrication in the Artificial Hip under Dynamic Loading Conditions , 2013, PloS one.

[28]  M. N. Smith-Petersen,et al.  ARTHROPLASTY OF THE HIP , 1939 .

[29]  Seung-Jae Lim,et al.  Ceramic failure after total hip arthroplasty with an alumina-on-alumina bearing. , 2006, The Journal of bone and joint surgery. American volume.

[30]  Seung-Jae Lim,et al.  Early osteolysis following second-generation metal-on-metal hip replacement. , 2005, The Journal of bone and joint surgery. American volume.

[31]  R. Sonntag,et al.  What's next? Alternative materials for articulation in total joint replacement. , 2012, Acta biomaterialia.

[32]  P. Hernigou,et al.  Zirconia and alumina ceramics in comparison with stainless-steel heads. Polyethylene wear after a minimum ten-year follow-up. , 2003, The Journal of bone and joint surgery. British volume.

[33]  H. Gill,et al.  Optimal acetabular orientation for hip resurfacing. , 2010, The Journal of bone and joint surgery. British volume.

[34]  S. Kurtz,et al.  Effect of volume on total hip arthroplasty revision rates in the United States Medicare population. , 2008, The Journal of bone and joint surgery. American volume.