Tacit knowledge, heuristics, consistency and error signals: How do business advisers diagnose their SME clients?

Purpose – This paper aims to consider the methods used by publicly supported business advisers to assess their client businesses. These business advisers are increasingly required to diagnose the problem or opportunities that face their clients before recommending types of business support.Design/methodology/approach – The study reports semi‐structured interviews with 39 business advisers, from accountants to publicly funded Business Link business advisers.Findings – The study suggests that one of the key to understanding the way in which advisers assess businesses is through congruence, that is does the business reflect the aims and objectives of the management in its operations and processes. Failure to be congruent can deliver error messages to advisers that suggest a problem diagnosis.Practical implications – Business advice is shown to be a process that involves judgemental decision making. In turn, this may enable advisers to focus on solutions to these identified problems.Originality/value – This p...

[1]  Joan C. Woodward Management and technology , 1958 .

[2]  Elizabeth C. Hirschman,et al.  Judgment under Uncertainty: Heuristics and Biases , 1974, Science.

[3]  L. Cohen,et al.  Research Methods in Education , 1980 .

[4]  R. H. Waterman,et al.  In Search of Excellence , 1983 .

[5]  Richard H. Hycner Some guidelines for the phenomenological analysis of interview data , 1985 .

[6]  Stephen M. Johnson,et al.  Are Small Firms the Answer to Unemployment , 1987 .

[7]  John Gardner,et al.  The Policy Process , 1987 .

[8]  A. D. Pearman,et al.  Judgment and Decision Making: An Interdisciplinary Reader , 1999 .

[9]  Yaacov Y. I. Vertzberger The World in Their Minds: Information Processing, Cognition, and Perception in Foreign Policy Decisionmaking , 1990 .

[10]  J. Curran,et al.  Profiles of the small enterprise in the service sector , 1991 .

[11]  E. Chell,et al.  The entrepreneurial personality : concepts, cases, and categories , 1991 .

[12]  A. Kruglanski On Methods of Good Judgment and Good Methods of Judgment: Political Decisions and the Art of the Possible , 1992 .

[13]  The use of external assistance by mature SMEs in the UK: some policy implications , 1993 .

[14]  Gearing up for Business Link , 1994 .

[15]  James J. Chrisman,et al.  The economic impact of small business development center counseling activities in the United States: 1990–1991 , 1994 .

[16]  J. Curran,et al.  Small Firms and Local Economic Networks: The Death of the Local Economy? , 1994 .

[17]  DEVELOPING PERSONAL BUSINESS ADVISERS: AN INSIDER'S VIEW , 1995 .

[18]  R. Bennett The Re-focusing of Small Business Services in Enterprise Agencies: the Influence of TECs and LECs , 1995 .

[19]  P. Olson,et al.  Strategy Process-Content Interaction: Effects on Growth Performance in Small Start-Up Firms , 1995 .

[20]  Robert Blackburn,et al.  Small firms: contributions to economic regeneration , 1996 .

[21]  David Deakins,et al.  Entrepreneurship and Small Firms , 1996 .

[22]  How bank managers make lending decisions to small firms , 1996 .

[23]  Peter Daniels,et al.  Business Link, Strong Ties, and the Walls of Silence: Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises and External Business-Service Expertise , 1998 .

[24]  J. Creswell Qualitative inquiry and research design: choosing among five traditions. , 1998 .

[25]  Business Link impact and future challenges , 1998 .

[26]  Robert J. Bennett,et al.  Business associations and their potential contribution to the competitiveness of SMEs , 1998 .

[27]  K. Krabuanrat,et al.  Heuristics and rationality in strategic decision making: An exploratory study , 1998 .

[28]  S J Priest,et al.  Business Link Services to Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises: Targeting, Innovation, and Charging , 1999 .

[29]  M. Hart,et al.  Small-Firm Growth and Public Policy in Northern Ireland: Making the Difference? , 1999 .

[30]  The nature of the client‐personal business advisor relationship within Business Link , 1999 .

[31]  S. Roper,et al.  Grant Assistance and Small Firm Development in Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland , 1999 .

[32]  Robert J. Bennett,et al.  Intensity of interaction in supply of business advice and client impact: a comparison of consultancy, business associations and government support initiatives for SMEs , 1999 .

[33]  K. Mole Gambling for growth or settling for survival: the dilemma of the small business adviser , 2000 .

[34]  William J. Bratton,et al.  The Influence of Location on the Use by SMEs of External Advice and Collaboration , 2000 .

[35]  Robert J. Bennett,et al.  SME Growth: The Relationship with Business Advice and External Collaboration , 2000 .

[36]  Robert J. Bennett,et al.  Business Advice: The Influence of Distance , 2000 .

[37]  Business Advisers' Assessments of SMEs , 2000 .

[38]  James J. Chrisman,et al.  A Preliminary Assessment of Outsider Assistance as a Knowledge Resource: The Longer-Term Impact of New Venture Counseling , 2000 .

[39]  Segmenting support for small and medium enterprises: identifying and disseminating best practice. Research summary. , 2001 .

[40]  Segmenting support for small and medium enterprises , 2001 .

[41]  K. Mole Street-Level Technocracy in UK Small Business Support: Business Links, Personal Business Advisers, and the Small Business Service , 2002 .

[42]  Robert J. Bennett,et al.  The Influence of Location and Distance on the Supply of Business Advice , 2002 .

[43]  K. Mole Business Advisers' Impact on SMEs , 2002 .

[44]  Robert J. Bennett,et al.  Changing Use of External Business Advice and Government Supports by SMEs in the 1990s , 2003 .

[45]  K. Mole,et al.  Does More Mean Worse? Three Decades of Enterprise Policy in the Tees Valley , 2004 .

[46]  P. Robson,et al.  Support Services for SMEs: Does the ‘Franchisee’ Make a Difference to the Business Link Offer? , 2004 .

[47]  James J. Chrisman,et al.  Outsider Assistance as a Knowledge Resource for New Venture Survival , 2004 .

[48]  R. Bennett,et al.  SPATIAL MARKETS FOR CONSULTANCY TO SMEs , 2004 .

[49]  Stephen Roper,et al.  The organisation of innovation: collaboration, cooperation and multifunctional groups in UK and German manufacturing , 2004 .

[50]  Kevin F. Mole,et al.  Systems theory and the common‐sense view of advisers , 2004 .

[51]  S. Roper,et al.  An Ex Ante Evaluation Framework for the Regional Benefits of Publicly Supported R&D Projects , 2004 .

[52]  Robert J. Bennett,et al.  The benefits of external support to SMEs: “Hard” versus “soft” outcomes and satisfaction levels , 2005 .