Demonstration and analysis of a 40-gigasample/s interferometric analog-to-digital converter

A novel interferometric scheme for photonic analog-to-digital conversion is for the first time experimentally demonstrated at a real-time sample rate of 40 gigasamples/s. The scheme includes sampling as well as binary encoding, and the input signal in the experiment was a 1.25-GHz sinusoidal tone that was successfully digitized with a nominal resolution of 21 digital levels. Single-sample measurements yielded an effective number of bits (ENOB) of 2.6, which was limited by thermal detection noise while multisample averaged measurements resulted in an ENOB of 3.6 bits, mainly limited by phase drift. Apart from the experimental results, this paper covers an extensive theoretical analysis of the system, including calculations on the fundamental maximum bandwidth, the required optical power, the generated binary code, and its error robustness, as well as the impact of detection noise on the signal-to-noise ratio of the digitized signal. The major benefits of this interferometric scheme are that only one standard phase modulator is required and that the phase swing does not have to be larger than plusmnpi to reach the full digital value space

[1]  U Westergren,et al.  Study of an ultrafast analog-to-digital conversion scheme based on diffractive optics. , 2000, Applied optics.

[2]  Robert H. Walden,et al.  Analog-to-digital converter survey and analysis , 1999, IEEE J. Sel. Areas Commun..

[3]  A. Maruta,et al.  All-optical quantization scheme based on fiber nonlinearity , 2004, IEEE Photonics Technology Letters.

[4]  M. Currie,et al.  Optical quantization of microwave signals via distributed phase Modulation , 2005, Journal of Lightwave Technology.

[5]  T. Clark,et al.  Toward a 100-Gsample/s photonic A-D converter , 2001, IEEE Photonics Technology Letters.

[6]  H. Taylor,et al.  An optical analog-to-digital converter - Design and analysis , 1979, IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics.

[7]  B Jalali,et al.  Optical folding-flash analog-to-digital converter with analog encoding. , 1995, Optics letters.

[8]  M. Renaud,et al.  40-Gb/s all-optical wavelength conversion, regeneration, and demultiplexing in an SOA-based all-active Mach-Zehnder interferometer , 2000, IEEE Photonics Technology Letters.

[9]  J. J. Carr,et al.  Refractive index measurements on single-mode fiber as functions of product parameters, tensile stress, and temperature , 1990 .

[10]  Nelson M. Blachman,et al.  The intermodulation and distortion due to quantization of sinusoids , 1985, IEEE Trans. Acoust. Speech Signal Process..

[11]  J. Stigwall,et al.  Interferometric analog-to-digital conversion scheme , 2005, IEEE Photonics Technology Letters.

[12]  Michael J. Hayduk,et al.  Photonic analog-to-digital conversion techniques using semiconductor saturable absorbers , 2000, SPIE Defense + Commercial Sensing.

[13]  K Smith,et al.  All-optical signal regenerator. , 1993, Optics letters.

[14]  K. Stubkjaer,et al.  Semiconductor optical amplifier-based all-optical gates for high-speed optical processing , 2000, IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics.

[15]  H. Sakata,et al.  Photonic Analog-To-Digital Conversion by use of Nonlinear Fabry-Perot Resonators. , 2001, Applied optics.

[16]  T. Sakamoto,et al.  160-gb/s operation of nonlinear optical loop-mirror with an optical bias controller , 2005, IEEE Photonics Technology Letters.

[17]  A. S. Bhushan,et al.  12 Gsample/s wavelength division sampling analogue-to-digital converter , 2000 .

[18]  Johan Stigwall,et al.  Experimental evaluation of an ultrafast free-space optical analog-to-digital conversion scheme using a tunable semiconductor laser , 2004, SPIE Photonics Europe.

[19]  U. Westergren,et al.  A high-speed electro-optical analog-to-digital converter principle , 2001, ISCAS 2001. The 2001 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems (Cat. No.01CH37196).

[20]  J. Lit,et al.  Temperature and strain sensitivity measurements of high-birefringent polarization-maintaining fibers. , 1993, Applied optics.

[21]  J W Goodman,et al.  Combined optical AD conversion and page composition for holographic memory applications. , 1977, Applied optics.

[22]  R. C. Williamson,et al.  Wide-band electrooptic guided-wave analog-to-digital converters , 1984, Proceedings of the IEEE.

[23]  Anders Magnusson,et al.  Dynamic demonstration of diffractive optic analog-to-digital converter scheme. , 2003, Applied optics.

[24]  G. Agrawal.  Fiber‐Optic Communication Systems , 2021 .

[25]  Frederick J. O'Donnell,et al.  Optically sampled analog-to-digital converters , 2001 .

[26]  Phillip E. Pace,et al.  High-resolution encoding process for an integrated optical analog-to-digital converter , 1994 .

[27]  Rudy Van De Plassche.  Integrated analog-to-digital and digital-to-analog converters / Rudy Van De Plassche , 1994 .

[28]  A. S. Bhushan,et al.  Photonic time stretch and its application to analog-to-digital conversion , 1999 .

[29]  T. Miyazaki,et al.  40-Gb/s optical 3R regenerator using electroabsorption modulators for optical networks , 2002 .

[30]  John Canning,et al.  Temperature independent highly birefringent photonic crystal fibre. , 2004, Optics express.

[31]  Shoichiro Oda,et al.  A novel quantization scheme by slicing supercontinuum spectrum for all-optical analog-to-digital conversion , 2005 .