Miocardite granulomatosa em cavalo por Halicephalobus gingivalis (H. deletrix)

Introducao: O genero Halicephalobus (previamente conhecido por Micronema), da ordem Rhabditida e familia Panagrolaimidae, inclui nematodeos de vida livre originalmente isolados do solo, plantas e ambientes ricos em mate- ria orgânica (Rames et al. 1995). Infeccoes por nematodeos rabditiformes sao infrequentes, mas ocorrem no mundo todo (Eydal et al. 2012). Determinou-se que Halicephalobus gingivalis, H. deletrix, Micronema deletrix, Trilabiatus gingivalis, Tricephalobus gingivalis e Rhabditis gingivalis sao especies sinonimas, todas propriamente referidas como H. gingivalis (Anderson et al. 1998). H. gingivalis e um parasita facultativo que tem sido reportado em humanos, em equinos (Henneke et al. 2014) e em zebras (Isaza et al. 2000), desde que a infeccao foi descrita na gengiva de um equino (Stefanski 1954). Geralmente, o parasita tem tropismo pelo sistema nervoso central (SNC) e rins, onde causa inϐlamacao granulomatosa (Pearce et al. 2001) e pode se disseminar para varios orgaos, como linfonodos, medula espinhal, adrenais, coracao, estomago, ϐigado e ossos (mandibula, maxila, femur e ossos nasais) (Spalding et al. 1990). Grande parte das infeccoes e fatal e na maioria dos casos, o diagnostico e estabelecido apos a morte do animal (Henneke et al. 2014). A patogenese, ciclo de vida e rota de infec- cao deste nematodeo nao sao bem conhecidas. Acredita-se que o nematodeo penetre por via oral, nasal ou por feridas cutâneas com subsequente reproducao nos tecidos do hospedeiro. Uma vez no hospedeiro, estes nematodeos partenogenicos proliferam rapidamente (Eydal et al. 2012). Este estudo tem como objetivo reportar miocardite granulomatosa provocada por H. gingivalis em um cavalo no estado do Rio de Janeiro.

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