Calmodulin and calmodulin kinase II mediate emergent bursting activity in the brainstem respiratory network (preBötzinger complex)

•  Rhythmic network activity can be controlled by intracellular signalling pathways but their possible role is largely not yet elucidated. •  This study is focused on the mechanisms of emergence and maintenance of synchronous rhythmic activity within the preBötzinger complex (preBötC), an essential part of the respiratory network in the brainstem. •  Depression of the bursting activity by brief hypoxia and electrical stimulation correlated well with ADP‐mediated inhibition of TRPM4 channels. •  Long‐lasting increases in calcium during the treatments stimulated calmodulin kinase that facilitated glutamatergic synapses and augmented rhythmic activity. •  The results will help us better understand how respiratory rhythm is generated and how it is restored in various respiratory disorders