Approaches to relieving aeration stress in waterlogged plants

A fertile soil contains sufficient water-filled pores to replenish losses by evapotranspiration and to sustain growth. However, too many such pores can be detrimental because the exchange of gases between the soil, plant roots and the aerial environment is impaired by the water they contain (waterlogging). The consequences include an accumulation of metabolically generated gases (such as ethylene), oxygen deficiency and the production of potentially toxic substances. Knowledge of these effects, and their consequences for growth, hormone production and inorganic nutrient uptake, enhance the prospects for ameliorating flooding injury by prophylactic or restorative means. Theexamples described are (a) the use of more porousmedia for plant containers in the nutrient film technique (NFT) of glasshouse crop production; (b) fungistatic, acid neutralising and oxygen-releasing seed coatings; (c) boron and nitrogen fertilisation; (d)foliar applications of cytokinins and gibberellins; (e) the inhibition of ethylene action or stimulation of ethylene production in aquatic species.

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