Historicising Maoritanga : Colonial ethnography and the reification of Maori traditions

Dans le discours contemporain de Nouvelle-Zelande, le concept de «Maoritanga» (forme du suffixe tanga et du nom Maori) fait reference a toute coutume traditionnelle percue comme caracteristique de la population indigene Maori. La fierte d'etre Maori est un element central du concept de Maoritanga, ce qui est decrit comme «taha Māori» ou «cote Maori» : attitude liee a une identification globale au peuple Maori en general aussi bien qu'a leur mode de vie distinctif dans un contexte biculturel. Le fait que cette ethnicite peut etre perdue et retrouvee, cachee et manipulee, sous-entend une reification de la culture traditionnelle Maori en tant que trait culturel premier du peuple Maori. La Maoritanga est une caracteristique immuable et innee. Elle est percue comme inchangeable, continue et intemporelle. L'effort des traditionnalistes europeens pour preserver cette culture et ces traditions Maori a eu un impact direct sur la conception que les Maori ont de leur propre culture. Sur les traces de leurs predecesseurs Europeens, les membres du Jeune Parti Maori ont continue de rassembler une documentation culturelle sur les traditions Maori, adoptant ce-faisant une vision statique de la collecte culturelle. La perception de l'absence de changement dans l'histoire pre-europeenne de la societe Maori est completee par une interpretation lineaire et unidimensionnelle du changement dans l'histoire (post-)coloniale (changement percu comme le remplacement systematique de tous les aspects de la societe Maori par ceux de la societe Europeenne en place)

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