The early experiences of local climate change adaptation in Norwegian compared with that of local environmental policy, Local Agenda 21 and local climate change mitigation

Norwegian experiences on local environmental policy, Local Agenda 21 (LA21), local climate change mitigation (CCM) and local climate change adaptation (CCA) are compared in this article. One conclusion is that local CCA lacks the normative impetus for local action that LA21 and local CCM have had, thus making it harder to include CCA in serious policy-making at the local level of governance. Another conclusion is that local CCA like mainstream local environmental policy, but unlike that of LA21 and local CCM, is exclusively framed in a local context. By focusing only on the local effects of climate change taking place locally, and not looking into possible local effects of climate change taking place elsewhere, climate change vulnerability assessments in rich countries like Norway tend to conclude on far less dramatic consequences than what is up in the general climate change debate. This way of framing climate change vulnerabilities may prove to be counterproductive for the purpose of gaining support for climate change adaptation, as well as mitigation policies.