Basic phenomena of red blood cell rouleaux formation.

Max-Planck-Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Berlin, GermanyInteractions between cellular components of blood such as aggregation, agglutination or adhesionof cells are observed in a variety of normal and pathological conditions in human or other mammals.Rouleaux formation of red blood cells (RBCs) in static blood, platelet adhesion and aggregation in boththrombosis and hemostatic plug formation or leukocyte adhesion to the endothelium are examples of suchinteractions. In the case of RBC, the agglutination of cells is caused, for example, by specific bindingof immunoglobulins to the surfaces of adjacent cells [24] whilst the aggregation of RBCs or rouleauxformation is caused by fibrinogen in blood plasma [18]. But this rouleaux formation can also be seen, ifthe RBCs are resuspended in electrolyte solutions containing neutral macromolecules like dextran [11].The aggregation of RBCs is completely reversible and the disaggregation of these rouleaux is readilyachieved by shearing the suspension. Whilst the fibrinogen mediated RBC aggregation increases steadilywith increasing fibrinogen concentration, the dextran mediated RBC aggregation reaches a maximum atdextran concentrations of about 4 g/dl. With dextran having a mean molecular weight M

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