Resting Microglial Cells Are Highly Dynamic Surveillants of Brain Parenchyma in Vivo

Microglial cells represent the immune system of the mammalian brain and therefore are critically involved in various injuries and diseases. Little is known about their role in the healthy brain and their immediate reaction to brain damage. By using in vivo two-photon imaging in neocortex, we found that microglial cells are highly active in their presumed resting state, continually surveying their microenvironment with extremely motile processes and protrusions. Furthermore, blood-brain barrier disruption provoked immediate and focal activation of microglia, switching their behavior from patroling to shielding of the injured site. Microglia thus are busy and vigilant housekeepers in the adult brain.

[1]  刘金明,et al.  IL-13受体α2降低血吸虫病肉芽肿的炎症反应并延长宿主存活时间[英]/Mentink-Kane MM,Cheever AW，Thompson RW，et al//Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A , 2005 .

[2]  Michael S. Cohen,et al.  Structural Bioinformatics-Based Design of Selective, Irreversible Kinase Inhibitors , 2005, Science.

[3]  F. Vilhardt.  Microglia: phagocyte and glia cell. , 2005, The international journal of biochemistry & cell biology.

[4]  F. Kirchhoff,et al.  Astroglial processes show spontaneous motility at active synaptic terminals in situ , 2004, The European journal of neuroscience.

[5]  F. Helmchen,et al.  Sulforhodamine 101 as a specific marker of astroglia in the neocortex in vivo , 2004, Nature Methods.

[6]  W. Streit,et al.  Microglia and Alzheimer's disease pathogenesis , 2004, Journal of neuroscience research.

[7]  N. Kasthuri,et al.  Long-term dendritic spine stability in the adult cortex , 2002, Nature.

[8]  K. Svoboda,et al.  Long-term in vivo imaging of experience-dependent synaptic plasticity in adult cortex , 2002, Nature.

[9]  W. Streit.  Microglia as neuroprotective, immunocompetent cells of the CNS , 2002, Glia.

[10]  Mark H. Ellisman,et al.  Filamentous actin is concentrated in specific subpopulations of neuronal and glial structures in rat central nervous system , 2001, Brain Research.

[11]  M. Dailey,et al.  Dynamics of microglial activation: A confocal time‐lapse analysis in hippocampal slices , 2001, Glia.

[12]  A. Sher,et al.  Analysis of Fractalkine Receptor CX3CR1 Function by Targeted Deletion and Green Fluorescent Protein Reporter Gene Insertion , 2000, Molecular and Cellular Biology.

[13]  Georg W. Kreutzberg,et al.  Neuroglial activation repertoire in the injured brain: graded response, molecular mechanisms and cues to physiological function , 1999, Brain Research Reviews.

[14]  S. Jander,et al.  The role of microglia and macrophages in the pathophysiology of the CNS , 1999, Progress in Neurobiology.

[15]  K. Svoboda,et al.  Photon Upmanship: Why Multiphoton Imaging Is More than a Gimmick , 1997, Neuron.

[16]  G. Kreutzberg.  Microglia: a sensor for pathological events in the CNS , 1996, Trends in Neurosciences.

[17]  T. Möller,et al.  Complement 5a controls motility of murine microglial cells in vitro via activation of an inhibitory G-protein and the rearrangement of the actin cytoskeleton , 1996, Neuroscience.

[18]  A. Lehmenkühler,et al.  Extracellular space parameters in the rat neocortex and subcortical white matter during postnatal development determined by diffusion analysis , 1993, Neuroscience.

[19]  B. Bainbridge,et al.  Genetics , 1981, Experientia.