Collusion-resistant fingerprinting for multimedia

Digital fingerprinting is a technology for enforcing digital rights policies whereby unique labels, known as digital fingerprints, are inserted into content prior to distribution. For multimedia content, fingerprints can be embedded using conventional watermarking techniques that are typically concerned with robustness against a variety of attacks mounted by an individual. These attacks, known as multiuser collusion attacks, provide a cost-effective method for attenuating each of the colluder's fingerprints and poses a real threat to protecting media data and enforcing usage policies. In this article, we review some major design methodologies for collusion-resistant fingerprinting of multimedia and highlight common and unique issues of different fingerprinting techniques. It also provides detailed discussions on the two major classes of fingerprinting strategies, namely, orthogonal fingerprinting and correlated fingerprinting.

[1]  Joe Kilian,et al.  A Note on the Limits of Collusion-Resistant Watermarks , 1999, EUROCRYPT.

[2]  Min Wu,et al.  Modulation and multiplexing techniques for multimedia data hiding , 2001, SPIE ITCom.

[3]  Robert E. Tarjan,et al.  Resistance of digital watermarks to collusive attacks , 1998, Proceedings. 1998 IEEE International Symposium on Information Theory (Cat. No.98CH36252).

[4]  Min Wu,et al.  Data hiding in image and video .I. Fundamental issues and solutions , 2003, IEEE Trans. Image Process..

[5]  Thierry Pun,et al.  Secure Copyright Protection Techniques for Digital Images , 1998, Information Hiding.

[6]  C. Colbourn,et al.  The CRC handbook of combinatorial designs , edited by Charles J. Colbourn and Jeffrey H. Dinitz. Pp. 784. $89.95. 1996. ISBN 0-8493-8948-8 (CRC). , 1997, The Mathematical Gazette.

[7]  Joseph A. O'Sullivan,et al.  Information-theoretic analysis of information hiding , 2003, IEEE Trans. Inf. Theory.

[8]  Wenjun Zeng,et al.  Image-adaptive watermarking using visual models , 1998, IEEE J. Sel. Areas Commun..

[9]  Gregory W. Wornell,et al.  Quantization index modulation: A class of provably good methods for digital watermarking and information embedding , 2001, IEEE Trans. Inf. Theory.

[10]  Bernd Girod,et al.  Capacity of digital watermarks subjected to an optimal collusion attack , 2000, 2000 10th European Signal Processing Conference.

[11]  J.E. Mazo,et al.  Digital communications , 1985, Proceedings of the IEEE.

[12]  Douglas R Stinson,et al.  Contemporary design theory : a collection of surveys , 1992 .

[13]  Wenjun Zeng,et al.  A statistical watermark detection technique without using original images for resolving rightful ownerships of digital images , 1999, IEEE Trans. Image Process..

[14]  Min Wu,et al.  Multimedia Data Hiding , 2003, Springer New York.

[15]  Darko Kirovski,et al.  Multimedia content screening using a dual watermarking and fingerprinting system , 2002, MULTIMEDIA '02.

[16]  Yacov Yacobi,et al.  Improved Boneh-Shaw Content Fingerprinting , 2001, CT-RSA.

[17]  Jörg Schwenk,et al.  Combining digital watermarks and collusion-secure fingerprints for digital images , 1999, Electronic Imaging.

[18]  Ding-Zhu Du,et al.  On Competitive Group Testing , 1994, SIAM J. Comput..

[19]  Darko Kirovski,et al.  Blind pattern matching attack on watermarking systems , 2003, IEEE Trans. Signal Process..

[20]  Min Wu,et al.  Anti-collusion fingerprinting for multimedia , 2003, IEEE Trans. Signal Process..

[21]  Min Wu,et al.  Rotation-, scale-, and translation-resilient public watermarking for images , 2000, Electronic Imaging.

[22]  R. K. Shyamasundar,et al.  Introduction to algorithms , 1996 .

[23]  Deepa Kundur,et al.  A content dependent spatially localized video watermark for resistance to collusion and interpolation attacks , 2001, Proceedings 2001 International Conference on Image Processing (Cat. No.01CH37205).

[24]  Hui Cheng,et al.  Robust content-dependent high-fidelity watermark for tracking in digital cinema , 2003, IS&T/SPIE Electronic Imaging.

[25]  Steven Kay,et al.  Fundamentals Of Statistical Signal Processing , 2001 .

[26]  Dan.  Collusion-Secure Fingerprinting for Digital Data , 2002 .

[27]  Ahmed H. Tewfik,et al.  Multiresolution scene-based video watermarking using perceptual models , 1998, IEEE J. Sel. Areas Commun..

[28]  Ingemar J. Cox,et al.  Secure spread spectrum watermarking for multimedia , 1997, IEEE Trans. Image Process..

[29]  Min Wu,et al.  Nonlinear collusion attacks on independent fingerprints for multimedia , 2003, 2003 International Conference on Multimedia and Expo. ICME '03. Proceedings (Cat. No.03TH8698).

[30]  Min Wu,et al.  Group-Oriented Fingerprinting for Multimedia Forensics , 2004, EURASIP J. Adv. Signal Process..

[31]  Min Wu,et al.  Collusion-resistant fingerprinting for multimedia , 2004 .