Optimization of the Geometries of Biconical Tapered Fiber Sensors for Monitoring the Early‐Age Curing Temperatures of Concrete Specimens

Structural health monitoring has received significant attention in research and involves the integration of sensor techniques, smart materials, data interrogation and transmission, computational power and processing ability inside the structures. A geometrical optimization procedure using biconical tapered fiber sensors is proposed for monitoring the early-age curing temperatures of concrete specimens in this article. The geometries of the sensors are theoretically optimized by the ray-tracing theory. The results of the theoretical analysis show that the performance of the sensors is heavily influenced by Evanescent Waves, which are due to the tunneling rays and are fully escaped by tapering the fiber. The effects of the geometrical parameters, which include the taper ratios, taper lengths, and ray launch angles, as well as the surrounding temperatures, on the behavior of the sensors are studied numerically. The numerical results demonstrate that higher performance of the proposed optimized sensors can be achieved by a longer taper length and smaller taper ratio combined with an initial ray launching angle of 0.01 rad. The findings in this article prove that the proposed sensor has the ability to determine the setting time of concrete since the setting process is accompanied by a temperature change in the concrete.

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