Optical image encryption technique based on deterministic phase masks

Abstract. The double-random phase encoding (DRPE) scheme, which is based on a 4f optical correlator system, is considered as a reference for the optical encryption field. We propose a modification of the classical DRPE scheme based on the use of a class of structured phase masks, the deterministic phase masks. In particular, we propose to conduct the encryption process by using two deterministic phase masks, which are built from linear combinations of several subkeys. For the decryption step, the input image is retrieved by using the complex conjugate of the deterministic phase masks, which were set in the encryption process. This concept of structured masks gives rise to encryption–decryption keys which are smaller and more compact than those required in the classical DRPE. In addition, we show that our method significantly improves the tolerance of the DRPE method to shifts of the decrypting phase mask—when no shift is applied, it provides similar performance to the DRPE scheme in terms of encryption–decryption results. This enhanced tolerance to the shift, which is proven by providing numerical simulation results for grayscale and binary images, may relax the rigidity of an encryption–decryption experimental implementation setup. To evaluate the effectiveness of the described method, the mean-square-error and the peak signal-to-noise ratio between the input images and the recovered images are calculated. Different studies based on simulated data are also provided to highlight the suitability and robustness of the method when applied to the image encryption–decryption processes.

[1]  Bahram Javidi,et al.  Polarization encoding for optical security systems , 2000 .

[2]  José A. Rodrigo,et al.  Applications of gyrator transform for image processing , 2007 .

[3]  Myrian Tebaldi,et al.  Optical-data storage-readout technique based on fractal encrypting masks. , 2009, Optics letters.

[4]  G. Unnikrishnan,et al.  Optical encryption by double-random phase encoding in the fractional Fourier domain. , 2000, Optics letters.

[5]  Bahram Javidi,et al.  Advances in optical security systems , 2014 .

[6]  J. Rodrigo,et al.  Experimental generation and characterization of Devil’s vortex-lenses , 2012, Applied Physics B.

[7]  Naveen K Nishchal,et al.  Image encryption using polarized light encoding and amplitude and phase truncation in the Fresnel domain. , 2013, Applied optics.

[8]  Xiang Peng,et al.  Vulnerability to known-plaintext attack of optical encryption schemes based on two fractional Fourier transform order keys and double random phase keys , 2009 .

[9]  Kehar Singh,et al.  Devil’s Vortex Phase Structure as Frequency Plane Mask for Image Encryption Using the Fractional Mellin Transform , 2014 .

[10]  Matthew E. Anderson,et al.  Experimental realization of the devil's vortex Fresnel lens with a programmable spatial light modulator. , 2012, Applied optics.

[11]  Osamu Matoba,et al.  Optical Techniques for Information Security , 2009, Proceedings of the IEEE.

[12]  Elisabet Pérez-Cabré,et al.  Nonlinear optical security system based on a joint transform correlator in the Fresnel domain. , 2014, Applied optics.

[13]  B Javidi,et al.  Optical image encryption based on input plane and Fourier plane random encoding. , 1995, Optics letters.

[14]  Kehar Singh,et al.  Fully phase image encryption using double random-structured phase masks in gyrator domain. , 2014, Applied optics.

[15]  B Wang,et al.  Shift-tolerance property of an optical double-random phase-encoding encryption system. , 2000, Applied optics.

[16]  Naveen K Nishchal,et al.  Asymmetric color cryptosystem using polarization selective diffractive optical element and structured phase mask. , 2012, Applied optics.

[17]  Bahram Javidi,et al.  Optical and Digital Techniques for Information Security , 2004 .

[18]  Bahram Javidi,et al.  Optical encryption using a joint transform correlator architecture , 2000 .

[19]  John Fredy Barrera,et al.  Optical encryption method using toroidal zone plates , 2005 .

[20]  John T. Sheridan,et al.  A review of optical image encryption techniques , 2014 .

[21]  Daomu Zhao,et al.  Color image encoding in dual fractional Fourier-wavelet domain with random phases , 2009 .

[22]  Xudong Chen,et al.  Optical image encryption based on diffractive imaging. , 2010, Optics letters.

[23]  Kehar Singh,et al.  Fully phase encryption using fractional Fourier transform , 2003 .

[24]  Linfei Chen,et al.  Optical image encryption with Hartley transforms. , 2006, Optics letters.

[25]  Peng Zhang,et al.  Known-plaintext attack on optical encryption based on double random phase keys. , 2006, Optics letters.

[26]  Soo-Joong Kim,et al.  Shift-tolerance Property of Optical Security System using Phase-based Virtual Image , 2003 .

[27]  C. Iemmi,et al.  Pattern recognition with a phase-shifting interferometric correlator. Discrimination-capability enhancement , 1997 .

[28]  Arnau Calatayud,et al.  Devil's vortex-lenses. , 2009, Optics express.

[29]  Li-Hua Gong,et al.  Novel optical image encryption scheme based on fractional Mellin transform , 2011 .

[30]  Ayman Alfalou,et al.  Optical image compression and encryption methods , 2009 .

[31]  J. Goodman.  Introduction to Fourier optics , 1969 .

[32]  Muhammad Rafiq Abuturab,et al.  Color information security system using Arnold transform and double structured phase encoding in gyrator transform domain , 2013 .

[33]  Thomas J. Naughton,et al.  Compression of encrypted three-dimensional objects using digital holography , 2004, SPIE OPTO-Ireland.

[34]  Enrique Tajahuerce,et al.  Generation of programmable 3D optical vortex structures through devil's vortex-lens arrays. , 2013, Applied optics.

[35]  Arturo Carnicer,et al.  Vulnerability to chosen-cyphertext attacks of optical encryption schemes based on double random phase keys. , 2005, Optics letters.

[36]  Kehar Singh,et al.  Image encryption using fractional Mellin transform, structured phase filters, and phase retrieval , 2014 .

[37]  John Fredy Barrera,et al.  Fault tolerances using toroidal zone plate encryption , 2005 .

[38]  Xiaolei Wang,et al.  Double random-phase encryption based on discrete quaternion fourier-transforms , 2011 .

[39]  Kehar Singh,et al.  Double phase-image encryption using gyrator transforms, and structured phase mask in the frequency plane , 2015 .

[40]  Jingjuan Zhang,et al.  Double random-phase encoding in the Fresnel domain. , 2004, Optics letters.