Hypergammaglobulinemia is a strong predictor of disease progression, hepatocellular carcinoma, and death in patients with compensated cirrhosis

The outcome of compensated cirrhosis may vary considerably and cannot be predicted by routinely performed tests at present. The aim of this study was to evaluate possible predictors of clinical evolution in patients with Child‐Pugh (C‐P) class A cirrhosis because of untreatable causes by analysing clinical/biochemical/instrumental parameters evaluated at the time of diagnosis and during the subsequent long‐lasting follow‐up.

[1]  M. Abecassis,et al.  Diagnosis, Staging, and Management of Hepatocellular Carcinoma: 2018 Practice Guidance by the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases , 2019, Clinical Liver Disease.

[2]  R. Groszmann,et al.  Child-Turcotte-Pugh Class is Best at Stratifying Risk in Variceal Hemorrhage: Analysis of a US Multicenter Prospective Study , 2017, Journal of clinical gastroenterology.

[3]  J. West,et al.  Risk of hepatocellular carcinoma among individuals with different aetiologies of cirrhosis: a population‐based cohort study , 2017, Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics.

[4]  E. Gorospe,et al.  Changes in the Prevalence of Hepatitis C Virus Infection, Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis, and Alcoholic Liver Disease Among Patients With Cirrhosis or Liver Failure on the Waitlist for Liver Transplantation. , 2017, Gastroenterology.

[5]  J. Genescà,et al.  Validating the Baveno VI recommendations for screening varices. , 2017, Journal of hepatology.

[6]  H. El‐Serag,et al.  Global epidemiology and burden of HCV infection and HCV-related disease , 2017, Nature Reviews Gastroenterology &Hepatology.

[7]  J. Bosch,et al.  Portal hypertensive bleeding in cirrhosis: Risk stratification, diagnosis, and management: 2016 practice guidance by the American Association for the study of liver diseases , 2017, Hepatology.

[8]  M. Pedrosa,et al.  Recalibrating the Child–Turcotte–Pugh Score to Improve Prediction of Transplant-Free Survival in Patients with Cirrhosis , 2016, Digestive Diseases and Sciences.

[9]  M. Pedrosa,et al.  Development and Performance of an Algorithm to Estimate the Child-Turcotte-Pugh Score From a National Electronic Healthcare Database. , 2015, Clinical gastroenterology and hepatology : the official clinical practice journal of the American Gastroenterological Association.

[10]  H. Wedemeyer,et al.  Improvement of liver function parameters in advanced HCV-associated liver cirrhosis by IFN-free antiviral therapies , 2015 .

[11]  Rong Li,et al.  The Injured Liver Induces Hyperimmunoglobulinemia by Failing to Dispose of Antigens and Endotoxins in the Portal System , 2015, PloS one.

[12]  E. Bjornsson,et al.  Simple noninvasive systems predict long-term outcomes of patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. , 2013, Gastroenterology.

[13]  E. Gómez,et al.  The natural history of compensated HCV-related cirrhosis: a prospective long-term study. , 2013, Journal of hepatology.

[14]  T. Seufferlein,et al.  Prognostic indicators of survival in patients with compensated and decompensated cirrhosis , 2012, Liver international : official journal of the International Association for the Study of the Liver.

[15]  Jian-lin Wu,et al.  Globulin-platelet model predicts minimal fibrosis and cirrhosis in chronic hepatitis B virus infected patients. , 2012, World journal of gastroenterology.

[16]  J. Bruix,et al.  Management of hepatocellular carcinoma: An update , 2011, Hepatology.

[17]  G. Fattovich,et al.  Natural history of chronic hepatitis B: special emphasis on disease progression and prognostic factors. , 2008, Journal of hepatology.

[18]  Yukihiro Kishimoto,et al.  Fibroindex, a practical index for predicting significant fibrosis in patients with chronic hepatitis C , 2007, Hepatology.

[19]  Yoshiyuki Suzuki,et al.  Natural history of compensated cirrhosis in the Child‐Pugh class a compared between 490 patients with hepatitis C and 167 with B virus infections , 2006, Journal of medical virology.

[20]  T. Poynard,et al.  Biochemical markers of liver fibrosis in patients with hepatitis C virus infection: a prospective study , 2001, The Lancet.

[21]  H. Mitsuya,et al.  Decreased suppressor T cell activity in patients with hepatic cirrhosis (HC). , 1982, Clinical and experimental immunology.

[22]  W. Ershler,et al.  Demonstration of non-specific B-cell stimulation in patients with cirrhosis. , 1982, Gut.

[23]  M. Blachier,et al.  Report Title: The burden of liver disease in Europe: a review of available epidemiological data , 2013 .

[24]  G. D’Amico,et al.  Natural history and prognostic indicators of survival in cirrhosis: a systematic review of 118 studies. , 2006, Journal of hepatology.

[25]  H. Lederman,et al.  In vitro synthesis of IgG by peripheral blood lymphocytes in chronic liver disease. , 1981, Clinical and experimental immunology.